Search for Optically Dark Infrared Galaxies without Counterparts of Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam in the AKARI North Ecliptic Pole Wide Survey Field

Toba, Yoshiki; Goto, Tomotsugu; Oi, Nagisa; Wang, Ting Wen; Kim, Seong‐Jin; Ho, S. Y.; Burgarella, D.; Hashimoto, Tetsuya; Hsieh, B. C.; Huang, Ting-Chi; Hwang, Ho Seong; Ikeda, Hiroyuki; Kim, Helen K.; Kim, Seongjae; Lee, Dongseob; Malkan, Matthew A.; Matsuhara, Hideo; Miyaji, T.; Momose, Rieko; Ohyama, Youichi; Oyabu, Shinki; Pearson, Chris; Santos, Daryl Joe D.; Shim, Hyunjin; Takagi, Toshinobu; Ueda, Yoshihiro; Utsumi, Yousuke; Wada, Takehiko

doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab9cb7

Cited by 42 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 117 publications

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“…The broad band multiwavelength SED fitting tool, The Code Investigating GALaxy Emission 3 (CIGALE, Boquien et al 2019) was used to estimate the possible presence of an AGN and main physical parameters of the sample. The CIGALE software was incorporated into the analysis, as it is a physically motivated state-of-the-art python code for SED fitting of the extragalactic sources, and moreover, it was already used and tested for the AKARI-NEP galaxies (i.e., Buat et al 2015;Solarz et al 2015;Toba et al 2020;Barrufet et al 2020) and AGN (see Sec. 1.2).…”

Section: Sed Fittingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The same strategy is also used for the AGN emission absorbed and reemitted by the dusty torus. Many authors already presented the mechanism of the SED fitting with CIGALE including Fritz et al (2006) AGN module (i.e., Buat et al 2015;Ciesla et al 2015;Małek et al 2018;Wang et al 2020;Toba et al 2020), which assumes a central engine surrounded by a smooth dusty torus. In the present work SED fitting is performed using more advanced AGN module, SKIRTOR (Stalevski et al 2012(Stalevski et al , 2016.…”

Section: Sed Fittingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Active galactic nuclei catalog from the AKARI NEP-Wide field

Poliszczuk

Pollo

Małek

et al. 2021

A&A

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Context. The north ecliptic pole (NEP) field provides a unique set of panchromatic data that are well suited for active galactic nuclei (AGN) studies. The selection of AGN candidates is often based on mid-infrared (MIR) measurements. Such methods, despite their effectiveness, strongly reduce the breadth of resulting catalogs due to the MIR detection condition. Modern machine learning techniques can solve this problem by finding similar selection criteria using only optical and near-infrared (NIR) data. Aims. The aim of this study is to create a reliable AGN candidates catalog from the NEP field using a combination of optical SUBARU/HSC and NIR AKARI/IRC data and, consequently, to develop an efficient alternative for the MIR-based AKARI/IRC selection technique. Methods. We tested set of supervised machine learning algorithms for the purposes of carrying out an efficient process for AGN selection. The best models were compiled into a majority voting scheme, which used the most popular classification results to produce the final AGN catalog. An additional analysis of the catalog properties was performed as a spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting via the CIGALE software. Results. The obtained catalog of 465 AGN candidates (out of 33 119 objects) is characterized by 73% purity and 64% completeness. This new classification demonstrates a suitable consistency with the MIR-based selection. Moreover, 76% of the obtained catalog can be found solely using the new method due to the lack of MIR detection for most of the new AGN candidates. The training data, codes, and final catalog are available via the github repository. The final catalog of AGN candidates is also available via the CDS service. Conclusions. The new selection methods presented in this paper are proven to be a better alternative for the MIR color AGN selection. Machine learning techniques not only show similar effectiveness, but also involve less demanding optical and NIR observations, substantially increasing the extent of available data samples.

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Section: Sed Fittingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sed Fittingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Active galactic nuclei catalog from the AKARI NEP-Wide field

Poliszczuk

Pollo

Małek

et al. 2021

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“…In addition, supplemental observation using the CFHT/MegaPrime (Huang et al 2020) replenished the insufficient coverage of the u * band from the previous CFHT surveys, which brings photoz accuracy improvement along with these new HSC data (Ho et al 2020). The source-matching and band-merging processes (see Section 2 for details) have been encouraging various subsequent works such as the recent luminosity function (LF) update (Goto et al 2019), properties of mid-IR (MIR) galaxies detected at 250 μm (Kim et al 2019), estimation of the number fraction of AGN populations (Chiang et al 2019), a study on high-z populations (Barrufet et al 2020), obscured AGN activity (Wang et al 2020), merger fractions depending on star-formation mode (Kim et al, in preparation), AGN activities depending on the environment (Santos et al, in preparation), machine-learning algorithms to classify/separate IR sources (Poliszczuk et al, in preparation; Chen et al, in preparation), and cluster-candidate finding (Huang et al, in preparation), even on the AKARI sources without any HSC counterpart (Toba et al 2020). The science on the NEP initiated by AKARI is now entering a new era with momentum driven by Subaru/HSC observations as well as current survey projects, such as a homogeneous spectroscopic survey (MMT2020A/B, PI: H. S. Hwang) and 850 μm mapping over the entire NEP area using the Submillimetre Common-User Bolometric Array 2 (SCUBA-2) at the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (Shim et al 2020).…”

Section: Identification Of Akari Infrared Sources By the Deep Hsc Optmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The remaining 23 620 sources did not match any HSC data (non-HSC, hereafter),;some of wthese eem to be obscured objects in the optical bands, residing in the high-z (>1) universe (Toba et al 2020).…”

Section: Matching Of the Akari Infrared Sources Against The Hsc Opticmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identification of AKARI infrared sources by the Deep HSC Optical Survey: construction of a new band-merged catalogue in the North Ecliptic Pole Wide field

Kim

Goto

et al. 2020

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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The North Ecliptic Pole field is a natural deep-field location for many satellite observations. It has been targeted many times since it was surveyed by the AKARI space telescope with its unique wavelength coverage from the near- to mid-infrared (mid-IR). Many follow-up observations have been carried out, making this field one of the most frequently observed areas with a variety of facilities, accumulating abundant panchromatic data from the X-ray to the radio wavelength range. Recently, a deep optical survey with the Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) at the Subaru telescope covered the NEP-Wide (NEPW) field, which enabled us to identify faint sources in the near- and mid-IR bands, and to improve the photometric redshift (photo-z) estimation. In this work, we present newly identified AKARI sources by the HSC survey, along with multiband photometry for 91 861 AKARI sources observed over the NEPW field. We release a new band-merged catalogue combining various photometric data from the GALEX UV to submillimetre (sub-mm) bands (e.g. Herschel/SPIRE, JCMT/SCUBA-2). About ∼20 000 AKARI sources are newly matched to the HSC data, most of which seem to be faint galaxies in the near- to mid-infrared AKARI bands. This catalogue is motivating a variety of current research, and will be increasingly useful as recently launched (eROSITA/ART-XC) and future space missions (such as JWST, Euclid, and SPHEREx) plan to take deep observations in the NEP field.

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The eROSITA Final Equatorial-Depth Survey (eFEDS)

Toba

Brusa

Liu

et al. 2021

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In this study, we investigate the X-ray properties of WISE J090924.01+000211.1 (WISEJ0909+0002), an extremely luminous infrared (IR) galaxy (ELIRG) at zspec = 1.871 in the eROSITA Final Equatorial-Depth Survey. WISEJ0909+0002 is a WISE 22 μm source, located in the GAMA-09 field, which was detected by eROSITA during the performance and verification phase. The corresponding optical spectrum indicates that this object is a type-1 active galactic nucleus (AGN). Observations from eROSITA combined with Chandra and XMM-Newton archival data indicate a very luminous (L (2–10 keV) = (2.1 ± 0.2) × 1045 erg s−1) unobscured AGN with a power-law photon index of Γ=1.73−0.15+0.16 and an absorption hydrogen column density of log (NH∕cm−2) < 21.0. The IR luminosity was estimated to be LIR = (1.79 ± 0.09) × 1014 L⊙ from spectral energy distribution modeling based on 22 photometric data points (X-ray to far-IR) with X-CIGALE, which confirmed that WISEJ0909+0002 is an ELIRG. A remarkably high LIR despite very low NH would indicate that we are witnessing a short-lived phase in which hydrogen gas along the line of sight is blown outward, whereas warm and hot dust heated by AGNs still exists. As a consequence of the eROSITA All-Sky Survey, 6.8−5.6+16 × 102 such X-ray-bright ELIRGs are expected to be discovered in the entire extragalactic sky (|b| > 10°). This can potentially be the key population to constrain the bright end of IR luminosity functions.

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Search for Optically Dark Infrared Galaxies without Counterparts of Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam in the AKARI North Ecliptic Pole Wide Survey Field

Cited by 42 publications

References 117 publications

Active galactic nuclei catalog from the AKARI NEP-Wide field

Active galactic nuclei catalog from the AKARI NEP-Wide field

Identification of AKARI infrared sources by the Deep HSC Optical Survey: construction of a new band-merged catalogue in the North Ecliptic Pole Wide field

The eROSITA Final Equatorial-Depth Survey (eFEDS)

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