Search for new storable high performance propellants

Mul, J. M.; Korting, P.A.O.G.; Schöyer, H.F.R.

doi:10.2514/6.1988-3354

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…PERKIN-ELMER 240 CHN elemental analyzer with AD-4 auto balance was used to detect the % of C, H and N in the prepared samples which facilitates the detection of nitrogen content taken as a reference to the explosophorous azide group, responsible for the excess energy of the energetic prepolymer. Obtained results make it possible to compare the theoretical and determined experimental % of C, H and N in the used samples [5].…”

Section: Elemental Analysis (Gap Only)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Glycidyl azide polymer (GAP) is one of the most promising high-energy propellant binders better in performance than hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) which is the currently used propellant binder worldwide. This polymer containing highly energetic azide group (C-N3 group) along the polymer chain as pendent groups in combination with energetic oxidizer like ammonium dinitramide (ADN) can give improved performance in terms of specific impulse and chlorine-free exhaust [1][2][3][4][5]. GAP is a unique binder of high density with positive heat of formation of +117.2 kJ/mole and is compatible with advanced oxidizer like ADN.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect Of Different Parameters On Tensile Properties Of Polymeric Matrices Used In Composite Solid Rocket Propellant

Islam

Elbieh

Mostafa

2014

The International Conference on Chemical and Environmental Engi

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Glycidyl azide polymer (GAP) and hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) have been evaluated for use as binder for solid propellants. Characterization of the used prepolymers (GAP & HTPB) by employing the possible means to examine their :,Density (Densimeter) , Characteristic groups and IR spectrum by Fourier transformation infrared (FTIR),Nitrogen content (CHN 240), Viscosity (viscometer) ,Humidity ( using Karl-Fisher) and Milligram equivalent (OH)/ Milligram binder (By Titration) . The effects of various parameters like cross-linking conditions, concentration of crosslinker, and the ratio of isocyanate to hydroxyl functional groups (NCO/OH ratio) on the mechanical properties were studied in detail , by preparation of different cross-linked GAP network and cross-linked HTPB network binder formulations using selected materials, From survey it was observed that GAP based binders have poor mechanical characteristics compared with HTPB binders ,So GAP functionality must be raised by the addition of triol ( trimethylol propane (TMP)) to generate the desired extended polymeric matrix, also using a curing catalyst dibuthyltin dilaurate (DBTDL),to ensure curing completion ,the NCO/OH ratio was varied from 0.7 to 1.5, keeping the crosslinker content at 5% with respect to binder (for GAP only), The GAP based specimens were also prepared with cross-linker content varying from 3-9% by weight with respect to binder, keeping the NCO/OH ratio constant at 1, Stress-strain relation for the prepared samples were measured to evaluate the effect of crosslinker, and the ratio of isocyanate to hydroxyl functional groups (NCO/OH ratio) on the mechanical properties to perform the comparison between them from curing & mechanical behavior point of view . KEY WORDSGlycidyl Azide Polymer (GAP), hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) . mg equivalent (OH), solid propellants. TMP.

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Section: Elemental Analysis (Gap Only)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect Of Different Parameters On Tensile Properties Of Polymeric Matrices Used In Composite Solid Rocket Propellant

Islam

Elbieh

Mostafa

2014

The International Conference on Chemical and Environmental Engi

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“…GAP propellant, composed of energetic binder glycidyl azide polymer (GAP), exhibits excellent compatibility with nitrate ester plasticizers and various oxidizers. It possesses advantages such as high energy, low combustion residue, and low signature [1][2][3]. Therefore, the development of GAP propellants has attracted attention, and several GAP-based propellants have been developed, which generally exhibit high performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal structural damage and thermal decomposition characterization of GAP propellants with nitrate ester plasticizers

Jin,

Wu,

et al. 2024

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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GAP and nitrate ester compounds are introduced into the solid propellant formulation as energetic binders and energetic plasticizing agents, respectively, to further enhance the energy level of solid propellants. However, under abnormal thermal conditions, various components within GAP propellants, especially nitrate ester plasticizers, can collectively result in the generation of a large number of voids within the propellant due to factors such as thermal stress and slow component decomposition. This phenomenon can impact the safety of solid rocket engines, necessitating research into their thermal decomposition processes and thermal damage structures. In this study, the thermal decomposition characteristics and gas products of GAP propellants with different nitrate ester plasticizer formulations were investigated using DSC‐TG and FT‐IR. The damage structure of GAP propellants heated under unignited conditions was studied through Micro‐CT, examining the influence of heating conditions and nitrate ester plasticizers on the thermal damage structure of GAP propellants. During heating, the thermal damage structure of GAP propellants was found to include voids generated within the GAP binder and cracks at the interface between the GAP binder and particles, with nitroglycerin as a plasticizer exacerbating the thermal damage of GAP propellants (about 2.2–2.9 times).

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“…The scission of CN 3 group is highly exothermic and is accompanied by release of 685 kJ/mol. The synthesis and characterization of GAP have been presented by a number of authors 1–8. Evaluation of physical and mechanical properties of the binder is one of the criteria for assessing its suitability for use in propellants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on structure property correlation of cross‐linked glycidyl azide polymer

Manu

Varghese

Mathew

et al. 2009

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Glycidyl azide polymer (GAP) has been evaluated for use as binder for solid propellants. The effects of various parameters like cross-linking conditions, concentration of crosslinker, and the ratio of isocyanate to hydroxyl functional groups (NCO/OH ratio) on the mechanical properties were studied in detail. It was observed that the type of curing agent and the NCO/OH ratio have a strong influence on the gum-stock properties. Similar impact was seen for cross-linker concentration also. The swelling characteristics of the cross-linked binder prepared with different NCO/OH ratios were evaluated with toluene and tetrahydrofuran (THF). The polarity and the solubility parameter of the solvents were found to influence the swelling of GAP. The NCO/OH ratio and cross-linker concentration of the polymer were also found to affect the swelling characteristics. The sol fraction determined for the polymer was found to follow a similar pattern. The cross-link density and average molecular weight between crosslinks (Mc) were determined from the swelling studies and also from the stress-strain relationship. The Mc values were found to be influenced by the NCO/ OH ratio. Finally, the Mc values determined from the swelling data were correlated to the gum-stock properties, and the model parameters were estimated.

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Search for new storable high performance propellants

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Effect Of Different Parameters On Tensile Properties Of Polymeric Matrices Used In Composite Solid Rocket Propellant

Effect Of Different Parameters On Tensile Properties Of Polymeric Matrices Used In Composite Solid Rocket Propellant

Thermal structural damage and thermal decomposition characterization of GAP propellants with nitrate ester plasticizers

Studies on structure property correlation of cross‐linked glycidyl azide polymer

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