Search for Fractional Charges Produced in Heavy-Ion Collisions at 1.9 GeV/nucleon

Lindgren, M.; Joyce, D.; Abrams, Peter C.; Bland, R.W.; Johnson, Rucker C.; Knoop, Tanya D.; Savage, Maureen H.; Scholz, Marion H.; Young, B. A.; Hodges, C.; Hahn, A.; Shaw, Gordon L.; Lackner, Klaus S.; Pugh, H.G.; Slansky, R.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.51.1621

Cited by 22 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…1, was developed from the technique used in fractional charge searches at San Francisco State University, [8][9][10][11] which in turn were modern versions of the original work of Millikan. 12-14 Two flat, horizontal, circular, metal plates about 1 cm apart have small diameter holes along their central axis.…”

Section: B Automated Millikan Liquid Drop Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The search for elementary particles with fractional electric charge and the philosophy of speculative experiments

Перл

Lee

1997

American Journal of Physics

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All known elementary particles that can be isolated as individual particles have an electric charge that is equal in magnitude to the electron's charge, qϭ1.6ϫ10 Ϫ19 C, or is zero. This includes the muon and tau charged leptons, the neutrinos, the photon, the nucleons, and the mesons. There have been many searches without confirmed success for isolated particles with fractional electric charge such as Ϯq/3, or Ϯq/2, or Ϯ3q/2. The theory of the physics of elementary particles does not require the existence of such particles. In particular, current theory holds that quarks, whose charge is Ϯ(1/3)q or Ϯ2/3q, cannot be isolated. Despite past failures and current theory, we have been engaged for the past few years in a new search for isolated elementary particles with fractional electric charge. In the course of this paper we discuss models for fractional charge particles, summarize previous searches, and describe our experimental method; and because this is speculative research we will also present our thoughts on speculative experiments. © 1997 American Association of Physics Teachers.

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Section: B Automated Millikan Liquid Drop Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The search for elementary particles with fractional electric charge and the philosophy of speculative experiments

Перл

Lee

1997

American Journal of Physics

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“…In the last three decades there have been many searches for such fractional charge nuclear fragments. 33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42 These searches covered the Z range of 1 to about 15. No evidence has been found for nuclear fragments with charge Z deviating by at least 1/3 from an integer.…”

Section: Searches In Nuclear Collisionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Brief Review of the Search for Isolatable Fractional Charge Elementary Particles

2004

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Since the initial measurements of the electron charge a century ago, experimenters have faced the persistent question as to whether elementary particles exist that have charges that are fractional multiples of the electron charge. In the standard model of particle physics the quarks are such particles, but it is assumed that quarks cannot be individually isolated, the quarks always being confined inside hadrons. This paper is a brief review of the present status of searches for isolatable fractional charge particles such as a lepton-like particle with fractional charge or an unconfined quark. There have been a very large number of searches but there is no confirmed evidence for existence of isolatable fractional charge particles. It may be that they do not exist, but it is also possible that they are very massive or that their production mechanisms are very small so that they have been missed by existing searches. Therefore the aim of this review is to urge (a) the invention of ways to substantially increase the range of known search methods and (b) to urge the invention of new search methods for isolatable fractional charge particles.

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“…In the 1980's there were two accelerator searches using heavy ion collisions based on the concept that "processes that involve heavy nuclei might yield fractional charge by mechanisms not possible in elementary particle interactions" to quote Lindgren et al [73]. These experimenters examined the product of the collision of 1.9 GeV/nucleon 56 Fe nuclei with Pb nuclei and gave an upper limit of less than 10 Figure 7: The curve is the observed upper limit on the flux of fractionally charged particles as a function of e/q from the MACRO detector, Ambrosio et al [75].…”

Section: Searches Using Heavy Ion Collisionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Search for Stable, Massive, Elementary Particles

Перл

Kim

Halyo

et al. 2001

Int. J. Mod. Phys. A

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In this paper we review the experimental and observational searches for stable, massive, elementary particles other than the electron and proton. The particles may be neutral, may have unit charge or may have fractional charge. They may interact through the strong, electromagnetic, weak or gravitational forces or through some unknown force. The purpose of this review is to provide a guide for future searches -what is known, what is not known, and what appear to be the most fruitful areas for new searches. A variety of experimental and observational methods such as accelerator experiments, cosmic ray studies, searches for exotic particles in bulk matter and searches using astrophysical observations is included in this review.

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Search for Fractional Charges Produced in Heavy-Ion Collisions at 1.9 GeV/nucleon

Cited by 22 publications

References 13 publications

The search for elementary particles with fractional electric charge and the philosophy of speculative experiments

The search for elementary particles with fractional electric charge and the philosophy of speculative experiments

A Brief Review of the Search for Isolatable Fractional Charge Elementary Particles

The Search for Stable, Massive, Elementary Particles

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