Search for Actinomycetes in Screening for New Bioactive Compounds.

Suzuki, Kenichi; Nagai, Koji; Shimizu, Yasunori; Suzuki, Yasuto

doi:10.3209/saj.8_122

Cited by 21 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…Many reports (Suzuki et al 1994, Lee 2006, Seo & Lee 2006, Mudryk & Podgórska 2007, Reyma & Vijayakumur 2008 showed the presence of actinomycetes in beach sand, indicating their plasticity and adaptability to extremely varied environments (Ogunmwonyi et al 2010). According to Giesheva et al (1994) and Ouhdouch et al (2001), actinomycetes showed many different adaptive mechanisms including utilisation of different carbon sources occurring in the environment in minimum concentrations and the production of enzymes and antibiotics active against bacteria, yeasts and fungi.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The presence of actinomycetes, mainly of the genera Streptomyces, Nocardia and Nocardiform, has been detected in sediment and seawater in marine ecosystems (Sharma & Pant 2001, Remya & Vijayakumar 2008, Jiang et al 2009). Actinomycetes play a major role in the recycling of organic matter and contribute significantly to the turnover of complex biopolymers, such as lignocellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, pectin, chitin, keratin, crude oil and hydrocarbons (Suzuki et al 1994, Sharma & Pant 2001, Zaitlin et al 2004, Vijayakumur et al 2007, Reyma & Vijayakumur 2008. Actinomycetes are a well-known, major source for production of antibiotics and are the strongest antagonists among microorganisms (Jensen et al 2005, Baltz 2008, Vimal et al 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Distribution and abundance of microflora in sandy beaches on the southern coast of the Baltic Sea

Mudryk

Perliński

Skórczewski

et al. 2013

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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The abundance of actinomycetes, filamentous fungi and yeasts in the marine epipsammon habitat and their spatial distribution were studied with conventional plating techniques in two marine beaches (Ustka and Czołpino, southern Baltic Sea) which are characterized by different anthropic pressure levels. Actinomycetes constituted the predominant group of studied microorganisms, while the least numerous were yeasts in the sand of both studied beaches. On both of the beaches researched in this study, the amounts of accumulated actinomycetales, fungi and yeasts were similar. When analyzing the distribution of the microflora along the horizontal beach profiles we found significant differences. In the sand collected along the profile perpendicular to the shoreline in Ustka and Czołpino beaches, the highest numbers of actinomycetes, filamentous fungi and yeasts were noted in the samples from the dune and the lowest in those from the subtidal zone and waterline. Generally, higher numbers of studied microorganisms were observed in the surface * Corresponding author e-mail: pperlinski@apsl.edu.pl than in the subsurface sand layer. The occurrence of actinomycetes, filamentous fungi and yeasts showed considerable seasonal variation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution and abundance of microflora in sandy beaches on the southern coast of the Baltic Sea

Mudryk

Perliński

Skórczewski

et al. 2013

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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“…It is interesting that Streptomyces strains continue to provide a larger number and wider variety of new antibiotics than any other actinomycete genus, suggesting that substantial numbers of Streptomyces species or strains with novel antibiotic productivity exist in nature (27). In searches for bioactive antibiotics, Streptomyces strains have been isolated from various types of soils, including rice paddy, lake mud and water, deciduous forest, tropical forest, wasteland, and cave soils (9,16,19,30,31,34).So far, various antifungal antibiotics active against the oomycete plant pathogen Phytophthora have been isolated and characterized from actinomycetes (2,12,13,15,(20)(21)(22)(23). In our previous search program for microorganisms producing antifungal antibiotics useful for the control of plant diseases, Streptomyces humidus strain S5-55 was isolated from soils in Korea, which showed substantial antagonistic activity against plant pathogens (25).…”

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Isolation and In Vivo and In Vitro Antifungal Activity of Phenylacetic Acid and Sodium Phenylacetate from Streptomyces humidus

Hwang

Lim

Kim

et al. 2001

Appl Environ Microbiol

149

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The antifungal substances SH-1 and SH-2 were isolated from Streptomyces humidus strain S5-55 cultures by various purification procedures and identified as phenylacetic acid and sodium phenylacetate, respectively, based on the nuclear magnetic resonance, electron ionization mass spectral, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectral data. SH-1 and SH-2 completely inhibited the growth of Pythium ultimum, Phytophthora capsici, Rhizoctonia solani, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae at concentrations from 10 to 50 g/ml. The two compounds were as effective as the commercial fungicide metalaxyl in inhibiting spore germination and hyphal growth of P. capsici. However, the in vivo control efficacies of the two antifungal compounds against P. capsici infection on pepper plants were similar to those of H 3 PO 3 and fosetyl-AI but less than that of metalaxyl.Streptomyces spp. are capable of producing microbial antibiotics with a wide variety of chemical structures. In particular, approximately 60% of antibiotics developed for agricultural use were isolated from Streptomyces spp. (32). It is interesting that Streptomyces strains continue to provide a larger number and wider variety of new antibiotics than any other actinomycete genus, suggesting that substantial numbers of Streptomyces species or strains with novel antibiotic productivity exist in nature (27). In searches for bioactive antibiotics, Streptomyces strains have been isolated from various types of soils, including rice paddy, lake mud and water, deciduous forest, tropical forest, wasteland, and cave soils (9,16,19,30,31,34).So far, various antifungal antibiotics active against the oomycete plant pathogen Phytophthora have been isolated and characterized from actinomycetes (2,12,13,15,(20)(21)(22)(23). In our previous search program for microorganisms producing antifungal antibiotics useful for the control of plant diseases, Streptomyces humidus strain S5-55 was isolated from soils in Korea, which showed substantial antagonistic activity against plant pathogens (25). The antifungal substances active against Phytophthora capsici and Magnaporthe grisea were partially purified from the culture filtrates of S. humidus strain S5-55. In the present study, the antifungal substances SH-1 and SH-2, active against some plant-pathogenic fungi, were purified from the culture broth of S. humidus strain S5-55 by various purification procedures. By analyzing various spectral and other physicochemical data, their chemical structures were elucidated and the two compounds were identified as phenylacetic acid (SH-1) and sodium phenylacetic acid (SH-2). In addition to an in vitro bioassay for antifungal activity, we also evaluated the control efficacy of SH-1 and SH-2 against phytophthora blight of pepper plants compared to those of commercial fungicides.Isolation of antifungal substances from S. humidus cultures. S. humidus strain S5-55 antagonistic to various plant-pathogenic fungi was isolated from soil from Kwangwon Province in Korea (25). The culture...

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“…Both spore-forming and asporogenous actinomycetes have been screened during the last few years for useful bioactive compounds (13,39). The asporogenous organisms play important roles in mineralization of environmentally hazardous chemicals, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (22), and in biotechnological production of natural products (23,26,29).…”

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confidence: 99%

Janibacter limosus gen. nov., sp. nov., a New Actinomycete with meso-Diaminopimelic Acid in the Cell Wall

Martin

Schümann

Rainey

et al. 1997

International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology

118

117

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New gram-positive bacteria were isolated from 1-year-old sludge from a wastewater treatment plant. The isolates are coccoid to rod-shaped, nonmotile aerobes that form neither spores nor mycelia. They are characterized by a peptidoglycan with directly cross-linked rneso-diaminopimelic acid (type Aly), by the presence of menaquinone MK-S(H,), and by the lack of mycolic acids. The strains have complex fatty acid patterns with i-C16:o and straight-chain saturated and unsaturated fatty acids as major components. The G+C content of the DNA is 70 mol%. The results of chemotaxonomic studies and a 16s ribosomal DNA sequence comparison support our proposal to assign these bacteria to a new genus, the genus Janibacter gen. nov.; the type species is Junibucter Zirnosus sp. nov., and the type strain of J. Zirnosus is strain HKI 83 (= DSM 11140).Both spore-forming and asporogenous actinomycetes have been screened during the last few years for useful bioactive compounds (13,39). The asporogenous organisms play important roles in mineralization of environmentally hazardous chemicals, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (22), and in biotechnological production of natural products (23,26,29).To isolate new actinomycetes with new biological activities, we investigated several samples of soil, sludge, and sewage waste. A total of 168 strains were isolated from a 1-year-old sludge sample collected from a wastewater treatment plant. Two of these isolates were found to be markedly different from the other isolates and from previously described genera in their chemotaxonomic and their physiological features. In this paper these two strains are characterized phenotypically and phylogenetically. Below we propose the creation of a new genus, the genus Janibacter gen. nov., with one species, Janibacter limosus sp. nov., for these organisms. MATERIALS AND METHODSBacterial strains and cultural conditions. Strains HKI 83T (T = type strain) and HKI 84 were isolated from a 1-year-old sludge sample from the wastewater treatment plant near Jena, Thuringia, Germany, by the dilution plate technique on plate count agar (Difco Laboratories, Detroit, Mich.). General laboratory cultivation was performed at 28°C on solid rich medium (R medium) or in liquid R medium (43), which contained 1% (wtivol) Bacto Peptone (Difco), 0.5% (wt/vol) yeast extract, 0.5% (wt/vol) Casamino Acids, 0.2% (wthol) meat extract, 0.5% (wt/vol) malt extract, 0.2% (wtivol) glycerol. 0.1% (wt/vol) MgSO, -7H,O, and 0.005% (wt/vol) Tween 80 (pH 7.2). To determine the cellular fatty acids, strains were cultivated for 24 h in liquid tryptic soy broth (Difco) at 28°C.Morphological and physiological characteristics. Colony morphology on R medium and cell morphology at different ages were determined by stereomicroscopy and phase-contrast microscopy (Olympus, Tokyo, Japan). Nitrate reductase activity, urease activity, indole production, methyl red and Voges-Proskauer reactions, hydrogen sulfide production, and hydrolysis of esculin and Tween 80 were determined as described by Lanyi (...

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Search for Actinomycetes in Screening for New Bioactive Compounds.

Cited by 21 publications

References 0 publications

Distribution and abundance of microflora in sandy beaches on the southern coast of the Baltic Sea

Distribution and abundance of microflora in sandy beaches on the southern coast of the Baltic Sea

Isolation and In Vivo and In Vitro Antifungal Activity of Phenylacetic Acid and Sodium Phenylacetate from Streptomyces humidus

Janibacter limosus gen. nov., sp. nov., a New Actinomycete with meso-Diaminopimelic Acid in the Cell Wall

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