Search for a singular word or nonword.

Krueger, Lester E.; Stadtlander, Leann M.; Blum, Anthony J.

doi:10.1037/0278-7393.18.6.1331

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 44 publications

(74 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Specifying a search category before a trial might eliminate existing attentional asymmetries (see Experiment 3A). In a similar task with neutral words and nonwords as stimuli, Krueger, Stadtlander, and Blum (1992) reported longer latencies and more errors for lists containing nonwords as the distractor category.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Underlying Processes in the Implicit Association Test: Dissociating Salience From Associations.

Rothermund¹,

Wentura²

2004

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General

368

478

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The authors investigated whether effects of the Implicit Association Test (IAT) are influenced by salience asymmetries, independent of associations. Two series of experiments analyzed unique effects of salience by using nonassociated, neutral categories that differed in salience. In a 3rd series, salience asymmetries were manipulated experimentally while holding associations between categories constant. In a 4th series, valent associations of the target categories were manipulated experimentally while holding salience asymmetries constant. Throughout, IAT effects were found to depend on salience asymmetries. Additionally, salience asymmetries between categories were assessed directly with a visual search task to provide an independent criterion of salience asymmetries. Salience asymmetries corresponded to IAT effects and also accounted for common variance in IAT effects and explicit measures of attitudes or the self-concept.

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Underlying Processes in the Implicit Association Test: Dissociating Salience From Associations.

Rothermund¹,

Wentura²

2004

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General

368

478

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In addition, noise more often results in same pairs being encoded as differentthan vice versa, so that more errors will be made on same stimuli than on differentstimuli. Krueger and his colleagues (Krueger & Shapiro, 1982;Krueger, Stadtlander, & Blum, 1992) have suggested that internal noise can operate on cognitive representations in the same way as it distorts visual representations. Thus, we assume that internal noise affects the functioning of the name processor in the same way as it affects the functioning of the shape processor.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nominal and physical decision criteria insame-different judgments

Eviatar

Zaidel

Wickens

1994

Perception & Psychophysics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We propose a model in which the physical and nominal dimensions ofletter pairs are compared independently of whether subjects use physical (shape task) or nominal (name task) identity as the decision criterion. We attempt to explain the fast-same effect, the preponderance of falsedifferent errors, and the nominal-physical disparity as results of congruent and incongruent outputs of physical and nominal comparison devices that function in both tasks. Subjects performed both tasks with and without response deadlines. The stimuli were presented foveally or unilaterally to one or the other hemisphere. With foveal presentations, the nominal-physical disparity disappeared when congruent and incongruent cells were compared, the fast-same effect occurred only in the shape task, and there was a preponderance of false-different errors only in the name task. Response times and error patterns from centrally presented trials conformed to the predictions of the model. Performance patterns from the lateralized trials conformed only partially. The implications of the data are discussed in the context of several theoretical models of same! different judgments.The way in which humans make same-different judgments is of interest to cognitive psychologists because these judgments are a component of many paradigms used to investigate a wide variety of cognitive phenomena and because close scrutiny of this seemingly simple task has revealed a number of puzzling and interesting issues. We are specifically interested in the case in which pairs of letters are to be compared for shape or name identity. Much research has focused on this paradigm, and this has resulted in the identification of three robust characteristics of the tasks: (1) the nominal-physical disparity-elassifying letters by nominal identity (the name task) takes longer than classifying them by physical identity (the shape task); (2) the fast-same effect-subjects can classify two identical stimuli as same faster than they can classify two nonidentical stimuli as different; and (3) error patternssubjects make more false-different errors than false-same errors. Farell (1985) has presented an extensive and critical review of this literature.The research reported in this paper was supported by an APA Dissertation Award and a UCLA Graduate Division Research Award to Zohar Eviatar, and by NIH Grant NS20187 and NIMH RSA MHOOl79to Eran Zaidel, We gratefully acknowledge the dedicated participation of Halle Brown, Jeff Clarke, Laura DaCosta, Todd Gross, Ann Maxwell, Brad Prickett, Brandall Suyenobu, and Ava Yajima as subjects. We also thank James P. Thomas for his advice and financial support. We are grateful to Lester Krueger, David Boles, Robert Proctor, and Bart Farell for their illuminating comments on the paper. Correspondence should be addressed to Z. Eviatar, Institute of Information Processing and Decision Making, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa, Israel 31905. -Accepted by previous editor, Charles W EriksenCopyright 1994 Psychonomic Society, Inc.The research prese...

show abstract

Search for a singular word or nonword.

Cited by 2 publications

References 44 publications

Underlying Processes in the Implicit Association Test: Dissociating Salience From Associations.

Underlying Processes in the Implicit Association Test: Dissociating Salience From Associations.

Nominal and physical decision criteria insame-different judgments

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About