Search for a Human Breast Cancer Virus

Moore, Dan H.; Charney, Jesse; Kramarsky, Bernhard; Lasfargues, Etienne Y.; Sarkar, Nurul H.; Brennan, Michael J.; Burrows, John; Sirsat, Satyavati M.; Paymaster, J. C.; Vaidya, Akhil B.

doi:10.1038/229611a0

Cited by 202 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Although this is the first report demonstrating evidence for betaretrovirus infection in patients with PBC, our findings are concordant with other investigators who have provided immunochemical, serologic, molecular hybridization and electron microscopy evidence of a human betaretrovirus infection in patients with breast cancer and healthy subjects (13,18,(25)(26)(27)(28). Full-length proviral betaretroviral sequences have been cloned from one PBC patients' peri-portal lymph node and two human breast cancer samples and fluorescent in situ hybridization studies have shown betaretrovirus integration in human chromosomes from metastatic breast cancer cells (ref.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…These studies do not directly address a causal relationship between microbe and disease but they support the numerous reports documenting the presence of a betaretrovirus infection in humans (13,18,(25)(26)(27)(28). In this regard, we have devised a coculture model that can be used to test Koch's postulates in vitro by using either pure isolates or transfected DNA of the human betaretrovirus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

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Does a betaretrovirus infection trigger primary biliary cirrhosis?

Shen

Guo

et al. 2003

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

217

246

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Patients with primary biliary cirrhosis develop progressive ductopenia associated with the production of antimitochondrial antibodies that react with a protein aberrantly expressed on biliary epithelial cells and peri-hepatic lymph nodes. Although no specific microbe has been identified, it is thought that an infectious agent triggers this autoimmune liver disease in genetically predisposed individuals. Previous serologic studies have provided evidence to suggest a viral association with primary biliary cirrhosis. Here we describe the identification of viral particles in biliary epithelium by electron microscopy and the cloning of exogenous retroviral nucleotide sequences from patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. The putative agent is referred to as the human betaretrovirus because it shares close homology with the murine mammary tumor virus and a human retrovirus cloned from breast cancer tissue. In vivo, we have found that the majority of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis have both RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry evidence of human betaretrovirus infection in lymph nodes. Moreover, the viral proteins colocalize to cells demonstrating aberrant autoantigen expression. In vitro, we have found that lymph node homogenates from patients with primary biliary cirrhosis can induce autoantigen expression in normal biliary epithelial cells in coculture. Normal biliary epithelial cells also develop the phenotypic manifestation of primary biliary cirrhosis when cocultivated in serial passage with supernatants containing the human betaretrovirus or the murine mammary tumor virus, providing a model to test Koch's postulates in vitro.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Does a betaretrovirus infection trigger primary biliary cirrhosis?

Shen

Guo

et al. 2003

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

217

246

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Further studies are required to identify the association of dietary factors in breast cancer. Moore et al (1971) identified certain virus-like particles in the milk samples from the Parsis women in Bombay. However, further studies have not been done to confirm the viral aetiology (Gangadharan et al, 1975).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of reproductive factors in breast cancer in a low-risk area: a case–control study

Rao

Ganesh²,

Desai³

1994

Br J Cancer

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S_ary A case-control study of 689 breast cancer patients seen at Tata Memorial Hospital during the period 1980-84 was carried out. During the same period 711 females who attended the hospital without a history of benign breast lesions or gynaecological complaints were selected as controls. Patients were interviewed by trained investigators to collect data on reproductive factors, menstrual history, tobacco smoking and chewing habit, dietary practices (vegetarian and non-vegetarian diet) and alcohol consumption. Cases and controls were stratified into four age groups (<35 years, [35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54] (Bombay, Maharashtra, others). Odds ratios were calculated by univariate methods as well as by stratified analysis. The Mantel and Haenzel (1959) summary chi-squared test was used for testing statistical significance and a test-based estimation procedure was used for calculation of confidence intervals for odds ratios (Kleinbaum et al., 1982). ResultsGeneral features of breast cancer cases and controls are shown in Table I. The average age of cancer patients was 46.2 years, whereas it was 42.8 years for controls. The religious distribution between cases and controls did not differ and hence is not adjusted for in the analysis. Reproductive factors in cases and controls are presented in Table II. Factors such as age at menarche, age at marriage, age at first pregnancy and number of pregnancies appeared to be similar between the cancer cases and controls.The relative risks (RRs) for factors studied are presented in Table III. Cases and controls were stratified by four age groups and three places of residence. In our study, unmarried women had a 2.3 times higher risk of developing breast cancer than married women. The nulliparous women had 2.2 times the risk of parous women (P<0.OO1). Breast feeding,

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“…From the very beginning of the comparative approach in the 1950s the search for a viral etiology was not limited to leukemias and lymphomas but included related diseases such as breast cancer (or mammary tumors) 52 and sarcomas. 53 A filtrable agent transmitting avian sarcomas was detected in 1911 (Rous sarcoma virus).…”

Section: Oncogenes and Proto-oncogenesmentioning

confidence: 99%

True

1999

Leukemia

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Search for a Human Breast Cancer Virus

Cited by 202 publications

References 31 publications

Does a betaretrovirus infection trigger primary biliary cirrhosis?

Does a betaretrovirus infection trigger primary biliary cirrhosis?

Role of reproductive factors in breast cancer in a low-risk area: a case–control study

True

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