Search by Immunofluorescence for Antigens of Rotavirus, Pseudomonas Maltophilia, and Mycobacterium Kansasii in Crohn's Disease

Whorwell, Peter J.; Beeken, Warren L.; Davidson, Ian; Wright, Richard

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(78)92700-9

Cited by 38 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Graham et al used DNA hybridization techniques to identify sequences with homology to S. maltophilia in patients with chronic inflammatory bowel disease (CIBD) but concluded that the role of the bacterium in the natural history of CIBD has not been established unequivocally (158). Additional immunologic, serologic, and immunocytochemical evidence does not support its role in CIBD (190,443,444).…”

Section: Gastrointestinal Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiological and Clinical Aspects of Infection Associated with Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

1998

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SUMMARY The gram-negative bacterium Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is increasingly recognized as an important cause of nosocomial infection. Infection occurs principally, but not exclusively, in debilitated and immunosuppressed individuals. Management of S. maltophilia-associated infection is problematic because many strains of the bacterium manifest resistance to multiple antibiotics. These difficulties are compounded by methodological problems in in vitro susceptibility testing for which there are, as yet, no formal guidelines. Despite its acknowledged importance as a nosocomial pathogen, little is known of the epidemiology of S. maltophilia, and although it is considered an environmental bacterium, its sources and reservoirs are often not readily apparent. Molecular typing systems may contribute to our knowledge of the epidemiology of S. maltophilia infection, thus allowing the development of strategies to interrupt the transmission of the bacterium in the hospital setting. Even less is known of pathogenic mechanisms and putative virulence factors involved in the natural history of S. maltophilia infection and this, coupled with difficulties in distinguishing colonization from true infection, has fostered the view that the bacterium is essentially nonpathogenic. This article aims to review the current taxonomic status of S. maltophilia, and it discusses the laboratory identification of the bacterium. The epidemiology of the organism is considered with particular reference to nosocomial outbreaks, several of which have been investigated by molecular typing techniques. Risk factors for acquisition of the bacterium are also reviewed, and the ever-expanding spectrum of clinical syndromes associated with S. maltophilia is surveyed. Antimicrobial resistance mechanisms, pitfalls in in vitro susceptibility testing, and therapy of S. maltophilia infections are also discussed.

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Section: Gastrointestinal Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiological and Clinical Aspects of Infection Associated with Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

1998

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“…Also, the pathology of the disease, the multiple familial occurrences, and the multiple remote lesion sites all suggest an infectious process. Viruses (10,98,104,108,222,223,294,295,306) and L-form bacteria (19,139,261,295) have been incriminated most commonly, but in recent years these all have been discarded as candidate agents. To date, the etiology of Crohn's disease, being infectious, transmissible, or not, has eluded the scientific community.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Crohn's disease and the mycobacterioses: a review and comparison of two disease entities

1989

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Crohn's disease is a chronic granulomatous ileocolitis, of unknown etiology, which generally affects the patient during the prime of life. Medical treatment is supportive at best, and patients afflicted with this disorder generally live with chronic pain, in and out of hospitals, throughout their lives. The disease bears the name of the investigator who convincingly distinguished this disease from intestinal tuberculosis in 1932. This distinction was not universally accepted, and the notion of a mycobacterial etiology has never been fully dismissed. Nevertheless, it was 46 years after the distinction of Crohn's disease and intestinal tuberculosis before research attempting to reassociate mycobacteria and Crohn's disease was published. Recently, there has been a surge of interest in the possible association of mycobacteria and Crohn's disease due largely to the isolation of genetically identical pathogenic Mycobacterium paratuberculosis from several patients with Crohn's disease in the United States, the Netherlands, Australia, and France. These pathogenic organisms have been isolated from only a few patients, and direct evidence for their involvement in the disease process is not clear; however, M. paratuberculosis is an obligate intracellular organism and strict pathogen, which strongly suggests some etiologic role. Immunologic evidence of a mycobacterial etiology, as assessed by humoral immune determinations, has been conflicting, but evaluation of the more relevant cellular immunity has not been performed. Data from histochemical searches for mycobacteria in Crohn's disease tissues have been equally conflicting, with acid-fast bacilli detected in 0 to 35% of patients. Animal model studies have demonstrated the pathogenic potential of isolates as well as elucidated the complexity of mycobacterial-intestinal interactions. Treatment of Crohn's disease patients with antimycobacterial agent has not been fully assessed, although case reports suggest efficacy. The similarities in the pathology, epidemiology, and chemotherapy of Crohn's disease and the mycobacterioses are discussed. The issue is fraught with controversy, and the data generated on the association of mycobacteria and Crohn's disease are in their infantile stages so that a general conclusion on the legitimacy of this association cannot be made. While no firm evidence clearly implicates mycobacteria as an etiologic agent of Crohn's disease, the notion is supported by suggestive and circumstantial evidence and a remarkable similarity of Crohn's disease to known mycobacterial diseases.

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“…Cultures from 22 other CD patients, seven out of thirteen with UC and one out of eleven control subjects yielded pleomorphic organisms with the electron microscopic appearance of cell wall-defective organisms which could not be further characterized. Whorwell et al (1978), however, found no evidence by indirect immunofluorescence methods for the presence of Pseudornonas maltophilia (now reclassified as Xanthornonas maltophilia, Swings et al, 1983) and M. kansasii in tissues from nine CD and four UC patients.…”

Section: Isolation Of Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 95%

The human faecal flora and Crohn’s disease

Merwe

1984

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

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The aetiology of Crohn's disease (CD), a chronic inflammatory disease of the intestines, is not known but a genetic predisposition to CD has been well demonstrated. Studies on the isolation of bacteria from tissues and the faecal flora from CD patients are reviewed and their results compared with those from our laboratory. Serum antibodies against a variety of bacteria have been described but none has been found to be specific for CD. In our laboratory, higher numbers of coccoid anaerobes have been found in the faecal flora of CD patients. The use of agglutination reactions with four coccoid anaerobes as a diagnostic aid for CD is reviewed. No evidence has been found, however, for a primary role of the agglutinating antibodies in the pathogenesis of CD. On the other hand, one of the coccoid strains has been found to have several characteristics suggesting a role in CD, such as activation of the alternative pathway of complement, the failure of opsonization by specific IgG antibody and the binding of (non-specific) IgG onto the bacteria by the Fc portion. The composition of the faecal flora has been found to depend on genetic characteristics of the host. It is suggested that the genetic predisposition to CD is based on the genetically determined indigenous faecal flora present.

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Search by Immunofluorescence for Antigens of Rotavirus, Pseudomonas Maltophilia, and Mycobacterium Kansasii in Crohn's Disease

Cited by 38 publications

References 16 publications

Microbiological and Clinical Aspects of Infection Associated with Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

Microbiological and Clinical Aspects of Infection Associated with Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

Crohn's disease and the mycobacterioses: a review and comparison of two disease entities

The human faecal flora and Crohn’s disease

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