Seamounts and ferromanganese crusts within and near the U.S. EEZ off California - Data for RV Farnella cruise F7-87-SC

Hein, James R.; Reid, Jane A.; Conrad, T. A.; Dunham, Rachel E.; Clague, David A.; Schulz, Marjorie S.; Davis, Alicé S.

doi:10.3133/ofr20101069

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…In the field, the worms were typically seen with the ventral surface closely applied to the very thin layer of soft sediment overlying the hard substratum; the latter consisted of a ferromanganese veneer encrusting the basalt beneath (the detailed geology of Little Joe Seamount is discussed by Hein et al, 2010). The worms crawled very slowly, evidently by the action of cilia on the ventral surface of their lips, lateroventral folds, and main axis of the body (there is little doubt that such cilia were present, although they could not be demonstrated in our histological sections, apparently because of damage to the epidermis caused by swelling mucus when the worms were fixed).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new species of deep‐sea torquaratorid enteropneust (Hemichordata): A sequential hermaphrodite with exceptionally wide lips

Holland

Hiley

Rouse

2022

Invertebrate Biology

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Specimens of a new species of torquaratorid acorn worm (Hemichordata, Enteropneusta) were video recorded and subsequently collected at abyssal depths in the eastern North Pacific at sites ranging from Oregon to northern Mexico. These worms are described here as Yoda demiankoopi n. sp. by molecular and morphological methods. The new species differs from its only described congener, Yoda purpurata, in three ways. First, the lips are extremely wide and indented by a deep ciliary groove for ingesting substrate and conveying it to the mouth. Second, a connective tissue bulge of unknown significance runs mid-dorsally along the hepatic and posthepatic regions of the intestine. Third, the posthepatic intestine is strikingly sinuous and packed with gut contents presumably undergoing digestion for extended periods between infrequent defecations. Yoda demiankoopi n. sp. is hermaphroditic, a character so far known only for the genus Yoda in the entire class Enteropneusta. The gonads of each adult worm comprise hundreds of ovaries (each containing a single oocyte) and hundreds of testes located just beneath the dorsal epidermis of the anterior trunk and associated genital wings. In any given animal, at any given time, gametes of only one sex or the other become fully mature. Thus, the worm is a sequential hermaphrodite, alternately spawning purely as a female or purely as a male.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new species of deep‐sea torquaratorid enteropneust (Hemichordata): A sequential hermaphrodite with exceptionally wide lips

Holland

Hiley

Rouse

2022

Invertebrate Biology

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“…Hoss Seamount is located significantly farther south of the MCS, offshore of San Diego, and was selected to provide a regional control. Hoss Seamount is estimated to have formed 22–17 Ma (Conrad et al, ; Hein et al, ).…”

Section: Tectonic and Geological Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconstructing the Evolution of the Submarine Monterey Canyon System From Os, Nd, and Pb Isotopes in Hydrogenetic Fe‐Mn Crusts

Conrad

Nielsen

Peucker‐Ehrenbrink

et al. 2017

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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The sources of terrestrial material delivered to the California margin over the past 7 Myr were assessed using 187Os/188Os, Nd, and Pb isotopes in hydrogenetic ferromanganese crusts from three seamounts along the central and southern California margin. From 6.8 to 4.5 (±0.5) Ma, all three isotope systems show more radiogenic values at Davidson Seamount, located near the base of the Monterey Canyon System, than in Fe‐Mn crusts from the more remote Taney and Hoss Seamounts. At the Taney Seamounts, approximately 225 km farther offshore from Davidson Seamount, 187Os/188Os values, but not Pb and Nd isotope ratios, also deviate from the Cenozoic seawater curve toward more radiogenic values from 6.8 to 4.5 (±0.5) Ma. However, none of the isotope systems in Fe‐Mn crusts deviate from seawater at Hoss Seamount located approximately 450 km to the south. The regional gradients in isotope ratios indicate that substantial input of dissolved and particulate terrestrial material into the Monterey Canyon System is responsible for the local deviations in the seawater Nd, Pb, and Os isotope compositions from 6.8 to 4.5 (±0.5) Ma. The isotope ratios recorded in Fe‐Mn crusts are consistent with a southern Sierra Nevada or western Basin and Range provenance of the terrestrial material which was delivered by rivers to the canyon. The exhumation of the modern Monterey Canyon must have begun between 10 and 6.8 ± 0.5 Ma, as indicated by our data, the age of incised strata, and paleo‐location of the Monterey Canyon relative to the paleo‐coastline.

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“…Marine ferromanganese (Fe-Mn) crusts are Fe-Mn oxides/hydroxides that precipitate on seamounts, ridges, and plateaus devoid of sediments from seawater [1][2][3]. Fe-Mn crusts are classified into three main categories of origin: hydrogenetic, diagenetic, and hydrothermal [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fe-Mn crusts are classified into three main categories of origin: hydrogenetic, diagenetic, and hydrothermal [4,5]. The hydrogenetic Fe-Mn crusts are widespread in the open ocean and are important potential marine mineral resources containing a number of critical elements, such as Co, Cu, Ni, rare earth elements plus yttrium (REY), and other critical elements like V, Nb, Te, or Pt [1,2,[6][7][8][9]. The Pacific holds significant reserves of Fe-Mn crust deposits, and there is a famous prime crust zone (PCZ) in the north-equatorial Pacific Ocean [1,7,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, a number of mining areas with the potential for exploitation were also found in the Atlantic Ocean [8,11], Indian Ocean [12,13], and Arctic Ocean [14]. In addition to the open oceans, some Fe-Mn crust deposits were also discovered near the continental margin, such as the Baltic Sea [15], the California continental margin [2,16,17], and the South China Sea (SCS) [18][19][20][21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Distribution of Rare Earth Elements plus Yttrium among Major Mineral Phases of Marine Fe–Mn Crusts from the South China Sea and Western Pacific Ocean: A Comparative Study

et al. 2018

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Marine hydrogenetic Fe–Mn crusts on seamounts are known as potential mineral resources of rare earth elements plus yttrium (REY). In recent years, increasing numbers of deposits of Fe–Mn crusts and nodules were discovered in the South China Sea (SCS), yet the enrichment mechanism of REY is yet to be sufficiently addressed. In this study, hydrogenetic Fe–Mn crusts from the South China Sea (SCS) and the Western Pacific Ocean (WPO) were comparatively studied with mineralogy and geochemistry. In addition, we used an in situ REY distribution mapping method, implementing laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) and a sequential leaching procedure to investigate the partitioning behavior of REY in the Fe–Mn crusts. The typical Fe–Mn crusts from SCS were mainly composed of quartz, calcite, vernadite (δ-MnO2), and amorphous Fe oxides/hydroxides (FeOOH). The Fe–Mn crusts from the Central SCS Basin and the WPO contained quartz, δ-MnO2, FeOOH, todorokite, and phillipsite. Furthermore, geochemical analysis indicated that the typical SCS crusts had a higher growth rate and lower REY concentrations. The LA-ICP-MS mapping results showed that the δ-MnO2 and FeOOH dominated the occurrence phases of REY in the SCS crusts. Four mineral phases (i.e., easily exchangeable and carbonate, Mn-oxide, amorphous FeOOH, and residual aluminosilicates) in these Fe–Mn crusts were separated by a sequential leaching procedure. In the SCS and WPO crusts, the majority of total REY (ΣREY) was distributed in the Mn-oxide and amorphous FeOOH phases. The post-Archean Australian shale-normalized REY patterns showed that light REY (LREY) and heavy REY (HREY) were preferentially adsorbed onto δ-MnO2 and FeOOH, respectively. It is noteworthy that ~27% of ΣREY was associated with the residual aluminosilicates phase of the WPO crusts. The La/Al ratios in the aluminosilicates phase of the typical SCS crusts were the values of the upper crust. We conclude that large amounts of terrigenous materials dilute the abundance of REY in the SCS crusts. In addition, the growth rates of Fe–Mn crusts have a negative correlation with the FeOOH-bound and aluminosilicate-bound REY. As a result of the fast growth rates, the SCS crusts contain relatively low concentrations of REY.

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Seamounts and ferromanganese crusts within and near the U.S. EEZ off California - Data for RV Farnella cruise F7-87-SC

Cited by 4 publications

References 2 publications

A new species of deep‐sea torquaratorid enteropneust (Hemichordata): A sequential hermaphrodite with exceptionally wide lips

A new species of deep‐sea torquaratorid enteropneust (Hemichordata): A sequential hermaphrodite with exceptionally wide lips

Reconstructing the Evolution of the Submarine Monterey Canyon System From Os, Nd, and Pb Isotopes in Hydrogenetic Fe‐Mn Crusts

Distribution of Rare Earth Elements plus Yttrium among Major Mineral Phases of Marine Fe–Mn Crusts from the South China Sea and Western Pacific Ocean: A Comparative Study

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