Seamless Integration of the Coastal Ocean in Global Marine Carbon Cycle Modeling

Abstract

Our current understanding about the role of the coastal ocean in the marine carbon cycle is limited and fragmentary. Considerable knowledge gaps are related to the interaction between the diverse sources and sinks of carbon in the highly heterogeneous and dynamic land-ocean transition zone and their relation to the biogeochemical processes in the open ocean (Laruelle et al., 2018;Regnier et al., 2013;Ward et al., 2017). Under present-day climatic conditions, the global coastal ocean has been identified as a net sink for atmospheric CO 2 (Laruelle et al., 2014;Gruber, 2015). However, to what extent coastal areas around the globe are taking up or releasing carbon, as well as how much of the carbon exported from the coastal areas enters the deep ocean, remains unclear

ICON‐O: The Ocean Component of the ICON Earth System Model—Global Simulation Characteristics and Local Telescoping Capability

“…ICON-O forms the ocean and sea ice component of MPI-M's Earth system model ICON-ESM whose basic design is described in Jungclaus et al (2022). The ocean biogeochemistry model HAMOCC is fully integrated into ICON-O (see Jungclaus et al, 2022;Mathis et al, 2022). The analysis carried here underscores the suitability of ICON-O for high-resolution ocean and climate modeling.…”

“…(2022). The ocean biogeochemistry model HAMOCC is fully integrated into ICON‐O (see Jungclaus et al., 2022; Mathis et al., 2022). The analysis carried here underscores the suitability of ICON‐O for high‐resolution ocean and climate modeling.…”

“…A consequence of the refinement technique via spring dynamics is that a coarsely resolved region is created on the opposite side of the globe (see Figure 3). A different strategy with refinement along coastlines is described in Logemann et al (2021) and Mathis et al (2022).…”

“…Examples of the flexibility in resolution changes within the grid with the unstructured grid ocean models FESOM and MPAS-O comprise Sein et al (2019), where the horizontal resolution of FESOM aims to capture the variability of the sea surface height (SSH), in Hoch et al (2020) the global grid of MPAS-O is refined toward the North-American coast, and Veneziani et al (2022) refines the global MPAS-O grid in the Arctic Ocean. The works of Hoch et al (2020) and of Logemann et al (2021); Mathis et al (2022) with MPAS-O and ICON-O respectively blur the lines between global and coastal ocean models by refining along the coast with a global model. In contrast, structured grid ocean models operating on latitude-longitude grids, can also implement a computational telescope by placing the grid poles over land (see e.g., Mikolajewicz et al (2005); Marsland et al (2004)) or by nesting (see e.g., Madec et al (2016)).…”

Environmental Calibration of Coral Luminescence as a Proxy for Terrigenous Dissolved Organic Carbon Concentration in Tropical Coastal Oceans

“…A coral multi‐proxy approach (e.g., Sr/Ca) can be used to track climate modes that drive inter‐annual rainfall variability (e.g., Krawczyk et al., 2020). Further, converting the tDOC concentration to an estimate of carbon flux may require integration with coastal biogeochemical models that can parametrize tDOC input and degradation (Anderson et al., 2019; Mathis, et al, 2022). This information is vital for better quantification of variability in land‐to‐ocean transfer of carbon, a significant component of the global carbon cycle, as well as to examine the ecological effects of coastal terrigenous CDOM variability.…”