“…Because both the BEM and CAD are based on boundary representation [5][6][7], they are naturally compatible with each other. IGA in the context of the boundary element method (IGABEM) has been successfully applied to a wide range of areas, including potential problems [8], linear elasticity [9,10], fracture mechanics [11][12][13][14], structural optimization [15][16][17][18], acoustics [19][20][21][22][23][24][25], and heat conduction [26,27], etc.…”