Sealing ability of mineral trioxide aggregate, calcium phosphate and polymethylmethacrylate bone cements on root ends prepared using an Erbium: Yttriumaluminium garnet laser and ultrasonics evaluated by confocal laser scanning microscopy

Abstract

Background:Surgical endodontic therapy comprises of exposure of the involved root apex, resection of the apical end of the root, preparation of a class I cavity, and insertion of a root end filling material. Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) is now the gold standard among all root end filling materials. MTA is however difficult to handle, expensive and has a very slow setting reaction.Aim:(1) To compare the sealing ability of MTA, polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) bone cement and CHITRA Calcium phosphate cement (CPC) when used as root end filling material using Rhodamine B dye evaluated under a confocal laser scanning microscope. (2) To compare the seal of root ends prepared using an ultrasonic retroprep tip and an Er: YAG laser using three different root end filling materials.Statistical Analysis:Statistical analysis was performed using a one-way ANOVA and a two-way ANOVA, independent samples t-test and Scheffe's post hoc test using SPSS Version 16 for Windows.Results:All the three materials, namely MTA, PMMA BONE CEMENT and CHITRA CPC, showed microleakage. Comparison of microleakage showed maximum peak value of 0.86 mm for MTA, 0.24 mm for PMMA bone cement and 1.37 mm for CHITRA CPC. The amount of dye penetration was found to be lesser in root ends prepared using Er: YAG laser when compared with ultrasonics, but the difference was found to be not statistically significant.Conclusion:PMMA bone cement is a better material as root end filling material to prevent apical microleakage. MTA still continues to be a gold standard root end filling material showing minimum microleakage. Er: YAG laser is a better alternative to ultrasonics for root end preparations.

Shear bond strength of a novel light cured calcium silicate based-cement to resin composite using different adhesive systems

“…Mineral trioxide aggregate has been used for this purpose due to its numerous advantages such as biocompatibility 7,8) , low solubility 9) , prevention of bacterial leakage 10) , and its ability to release calcium hydroxide 11) . However, it has certain shortcomings such as difficulty in handling and a long setting time which might lead to leakage, and loss of marginal adaptation 12) . Furthermore, since MTA requires moisture for complete setting, it is advocated to place a wet cotton pellet over MTA after its application 13) , this will necessitate additional appointments until the permanent restorative material can be used to restore the treated tooth.…”

The Management of Crown Fracture of Immature Teeth by MTA and Calcium Hydroxide: Case Reports

“…These properties resulting in the combination of an effective bacterial seal and formation of new cementum and PDL makes techniques using MTA a biologically preferable method and MTA a gold standard root filling material for immature teeth with open apex [24,38]. However, MTA has certain drawbacks such as difficulty in handling and very slow setting reaction, which might contribute to leakage, surface disintegration, loss of marginal adaptation and continuity of the material [38].…”

“…Portland cement bismuth oxide MTA is the first material that consistently allows for the overgrowth of cementum and bone formation, furthermore it facilitates the regeneration of the periodontal ligament [30,38] and is achieving a hermetic seal against bacteria [24,31,38]. These properties resulting in the combination of an effective bacterial seal and formation of new cementum and PDL makes techniques using MTA a biologically preferable method and MTA a gold standard root filling material for immature teeth with open apex [24,38]. However, MTA has certain drawbacks such as difficulty in handling and very slow setting reaction, which might contribute to leakage, surface disintegration, loss of marginal adaptation and continuity of the material [38].…”

Neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser × self-etching primer: Association with mineral trioxide aggregate as retrograde root filling

“…And assigned this to fact that the smear layer produced during the resection with a bur served as substrate for melting when treated with Nd: YAG laser and, thus, providing occlusion of dentinal tubules. [28] In a study conducted by Girish et al, 2013, [37] polymethylmethacrylate bone cement was considered a better material as root end filling to prevent apical microleakage. Beside this, authors concluded that MTA presents minimum microleakage and is considered the gold standard root end filling material.…”