Sealed vacuum devices: fluorescent microtip displays

Enhanced luminescence from spontaneously ordered Gd2O3:Eu3+ based nanostructures

“…Lanthanide activated rare-earth oxides [4,5] remain as promising materials for next generation display technology because of several essential superior properties such as luminescent characteristics, stability in vacuum and corrosion free gas emission under electron bombardment compared with traditional cathode ray tube red phosphors used in current field emission displays [6,7]. The field emission display have gained a great interest and have been recognized as one of the most promising technologies in flat panel display market due to their most important features like great brightness, wide horizontal and vertical view angles, good contrast ratio, high efficiency with low power consumption, short response time and wide work temperature range [8][9][10][11][12]. Additionally FEDs have high brightness (3000 cd m À2 ) and very high efficiency (2 W/10.4 in.).…”

Field Emission Site Densities of Nanostructured Carbon

“…The function of the ballast layer is to limit the emission current from individual emission spots, and to allow the range of the emission sites to be seen, without saturating the phosphor screen [22]. Ballast resistors are frequently used in Spindt tip field emission devices to even out the current distribution and to prevent excessive currents [23].…”

“…The emission depends on two parameters in (1), the barrier height 0 and the field enhancement factor 10. There has been considerable effort to identify the value of the emission barrier in carbon systems, in part to answer the fundamental question of why emission occurs at relatively low fields [23]. In the case of diamond, the fully hydrogenated surface has a negative electron affinity and the work function can be lower than 3.5 eV [25,26].…”

Technological Overview

“…Figures of merit such as the electric field required to reach a useful current density (e.g., 10 mA/cm 2 ) always decline during the aging process. Fourth, one can add a resistance in series with the emitter [18,19]. The resistance converts very steep exponentially rising current from the emitter into an effective system I-V characteristic that is not so steep and can be controlled primarily by the resistor's value.…”