Seabeam survey at the southern end of the Manila trench. Transition between subduction and collision processes, offshore Mindoro Island, Philippines

Rangin, Claude; Stéphan, J. F.; Blanchet, Rene; Baladad, David; Bouysee, Phillipe; Chen, Min Pen; Chotin, P.; Collot, Jean‐Yves; Daniel, Jacques; Drouhot, Jean Marcel; Marchadier, Yves; Marsset, Bruno; Pelletier, Bernard; Richard, Mary Annick; Tardy, Marc

doi:10.1016/0040-1951(88)90095-9

Cited by 25 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…This wedge is inferred to have collided during early middle Miocene time with a continental terrane exposed in the North Palawan and Cala- mian islands, formed by a metamorphic basement and late Paleozoic through Mesozoic clastic sediments and limestones (Fontaine et al, 1979;United Nations, 1985;Wolfart et al, 1986). Recent studies have revealed that this continental basement extends eastward into Mindoro Island (Rangin et al, 1985(Rangin et al, , 1988Marchadier and Rangin, 1989;Faure et al, 1989). Similar metamorphic rocks were dredged offshore in Reed Bank and Dangerous Grounds (Kudrass et al, unpubl.…”

Section: Palawanmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These short subduction zones are the southern extension of the Manila Trench (Lewis and Hayes, 1984). This trench enters the North Palawan Platform offshore Mindoro (Rangin et al, 1988) and connects southward with the northern Negros Trench through complex strike-slip and wrench faults (Marchadier and Rangin, 1989). Detailed bathymetry is not available to the south of Mindoro and west of Panay, but relatively deep-water channeling is expected from the South China Sea to the Sulu Sea, based on bathymetric data.…”

Section: The Philippine Mobile Beltmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Geological Setting of the Celebes and Sulu Seas

Rangin¹,

Silver²

1990

Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program

109

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The Sulu and Celebes Seas lie to the southeast of the South China Sea, within a complex geodynamic environment marked by active arc-arc or arc-continent collision zones, subduction zones, and long strike-slip fault zones. Prior to Leg 124, neither the ages nor the mode of formation of these basins were clear. The basins are located near the zone of complex junction between the Pacific, Indian Ocean, and Philippine Sea plates (Fig. 1). They may have been related to the history of one of these plates prior to collision or be the remnants of a subducted ocean that previously extended between these major plates (the Molucca Sea or neo-Tethys Ocean). Alternatively, they may have formed by back-arc spreading processes or, as in the case of the South China Sea, as a result of continental rifting unrelated to arc activity. Numerous models have been proposed for the opening of small ocean basins in a position marginal to a continent or a piece of continent by convergent boundaries. In the west Pacific region (Fig. 1), a widely accepted model is that of extension in the back-arc area (Chase, 1978; Molnar and Atwater, 1978; Uyeda and Kanamori, 1979). This model might be applied to the Sulu Sea (Mitchell et al., 1986; Rangin, 1989) but not obviously to the Celebes Sea. The South China Sea has been interpreted as an Atlantic type (Taylor and Hayes, 1980) or a pull-apart basin, possibly related to transcurrent shear zones controlled by intracontinental deformation processes (lapponnier et al., 1982; Lallemand and Jolivet, 1985). The Atlantic-type model could be extended to other marginal or intracontinental basins of the Eurasian margin, such as the Japan Sea or the Yellow Sea (Taylor and Rangin, 1988). Paleogene rifting and Oligocene-Miocene spreading from Borneo to Japan and the suspected presence of dominantly north-south right slip faults along the east Asian margin suggests that an extensional stress regime was present along the Eurasian margin during this period. These marginal basins could also be interpreted as trapped fragments from a larger ocean, as a consequence of subduction zone flipping or jumping along the volcanic arcs bordering these basins. If these basins have had an exotic origin relative to Asia, their stratigraphic histories will be unrelated to the Eurasian continental margin. The Celebes and Sulu seas are deep (4000-5000 m) restricted basins located between the island of Borneo to the west and the north-south elongated Philippine Archipelago to the east. They are part of a succession of subparallel oceanic basins trending roughly northeast. Separating the basins from South China to Banda are narrow, elongated ridges such as the Cagayan Ridge,

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Section: Palawanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Philippine Mobile Beltmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geological Setting of the Celebes and Sulu Seas

Rangin¹,

Silver²

1990

Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program

109

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“…The Balibago Intrusive Complex, which is also of intermediate composition, is likely to be a coeval intrusive unit that is supported by the intrusive relationship and the absence of unconformity between the intrusive rocks and the Talahib Volcanic Sequence. The Middle Miocene collision of the Palawan‐Mindoro Microcontinental Block and the western portion of the Philippine Mobile Belt (estimated between 15 and 12 Ma) affected southern Batangas and the Mindoro‐Panay areas (Rangin et al, ; Stephan et al, ; Rangin et al, ; Aurelio et al, ). As the collision advanced, the southern tip of the Manila Trench transformed from a subduction zone into a collision zone (Stephan et al, ; Rangin et al, ; Marchadier & Rangin, ), which eventually led to the decline in volcanic activity on its southern tip.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…). It is bounded to the north by the Macolod Corridor, a 40 km‐wide northeast–southwest‐trending topographic depression, which features intensely active Late Pliocene to Recent volcanism (Defant et al, ; Förster et al, ; Sudo et al, ), and to the south by the Lubang Fault, a left‐lateral strike‐slip fault whose western end cuts through the southern section of the Manila Trench accretionary prism (Rangin et al, ; Mines and Geosciences Bureau (MGB), ). The Batangas Highlands are part of the southern tip of the Western Luzon Volcanic Arc, a series of northwest‐trending volcanic centers with ages dating from the Miocene to Recent and extending from Babuyan Islands to Central Mindoro along the western to southern Luzon Island (De Boer et al, ; Defant et al, , ).…”

Section: Regional Geology and Tectonic Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geology, Alteration, and Mineralization of the Kay Tanda Epithermal Gold Deposit, Lobo, Batangas, Philippines

et al. 2019

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The Kay Tanda epithermal Au deposit in Lobo, Batangas is one of the Au deposits situated in the Batangas Mineral District in southern Luzon, Philippines. This study aims to document the geological, alteration, and mineralization characteristics and to determine the age of the mineralization, the mechanism of ore deposition, and the hydrothermal fluid characteristics of the Kay Tanda deposit. The geology of Kay Tanda consists of (i) the Talahib Volcanic Sequence, a Middle Miocene dacitic to andesitic volcaniclastic sequence that served as the host rock of the mineralization; (ii) the Balibago Diorite Complex, a cogenetic intrusive complex intruding the Talahib Volcanic Sequence; (iii) the Calatagan Formation, a Late Miocene to Early Pliocene volcanosedimentary formation unconformably overlying the Talahib Volcanic Sequence; (iv) the Dacite Porphyry Intrusives, which intruded the older lithological units; and (v) the Balibago Andesite, a Pliocene postmineralization volcaniclastic unit. K-Ar dating on illite collected from the alteration haloes around quartz veins demonstrated that the age of mineralization is around 5.9 AE 0.2 to 5.5 AE 0.2 Ma (Late Miocene). Two main styles of mineralization are identified in Kay Tanda. The first style is an early-stage extensive epithermal mineralization characterized by stratabound Au-Ag-bearing quartz stockworks hosted at the shallower levels of the Talahib Volcanic Sequence. The second style is a late-stage base metal (Zn, Pb, and Cu) epithermal mineralization with local bonanza-grade Au mineralization hosted in veins and hydrothermal breccias that are intersected at deeper levels of the Talahib Volcanic Sequence and at the shallower levels of the Balibago Intrusive Complex. Paragenetic studies on the mineralization in Kay Tanda defined six stages of mineralization; the first two belong to the first mineralization style, while the last four belong to the second mineralization style. Stage 1 is composed of quartz AE pyrophyllite AE dickite/kaolinite AE diaspore alteration, which is cut by quartz veins. Stage 2 is composed of Au-Ag-bearing quartz stockworks associated with pervasive illite AE quartz AE smectite AE kaolinite alteration. Stage 3 is composed of carbonate veins with minor base metal sulfides. Stage 4 is composed of quartz AE adularia AE calcite veins and hydrothermal breccias, hosting the main base metal and bonanza-grade Au mineralization, and is associated with chlorite-illite-quartz alteration. Stage 5 is composed of epidote-carbonate veins associated with epidote-calcite-chlorite alteration. Stage 6 is composed of anhydrite-gypsum veins with minor base metal mineralization. The alteration assemblage of the deposit evolved from an acidic mineral assemblage caused by the condensation of magmatic volatiles from the Balibago Intrusive Complex into the groundwater to a slightly acidic mineral assemblage caused by the interaction of the host rocks and the circulating hydrothermal waters being heated up by the Dacite Porphyry Intrusives to a near-neutral pH toward the ...

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“…The Mindoro tsunami, which is the focus of this study, occurred within the Verde Island Passage (Figure 1B). Major tectonic structures in proximity to the Verde Island Passage include the southern terminus of the Manila Trench, and active strike-slip faults such as the WNWtrending left-lateral Lubang-Verde Passage Fault (Karig, 1983;Rangin et al, 1988), the NNW-trending Central Mindoro Fault (Karig, 1983;Rangin et al, 1988), and the NNWtrending right-lateral Aglubang River Fault (PHIVOLCS, 1994). Maximum wave height at shore (meters).…”

Section: Philippine Tectonics and Tsunamismentioning

confidence: 99%

An earthquake-triggered submarine mass failure mechanism for the 1994 Mindoro tsunami in the Philippines: Constraints from numerical modeling and submarine geomorphology

Ramirez

Ramos

Nawanao³

et al. 2022

Front. Earth Sci.

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Tsunamis have been known to result from a wide range of phenomena, such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, submarine mass failures, and meteorite impacts. Of earthquake-generated tsunamis, those arising from strike-slip mechanisms are less common, with the 1994 Mindoro tsunami in the Philippines among the few known examples. The 1994 Mindoro tsunami followed a Mw 7.1 earthquake along the right-lateral Aglubang River Fault. The tsunami affected the coasts surrounding the Verde Island Passage, one of the Philippines’ insular seas located between the islands of Luzon and Mindoro, and east of the West Philippine Sea margin. A total of 78 lives were lost due to the earthquake and tsunami, with 41 being directly attributed to the tsunami alone. Despite the close spatial and temporal association between the 1994 Mindoro earthquake and tsunami, previous numerical modeling suggests the need for other contributing mechanisms for the 1994 tsunami. In this study, we conducted submarine geomorphological mapping of the South Pass within the Verde Island Passage, with particular focus on identifying possible submarine mass failures. Identification of submarine features were based on Red Relief Image Map (RIMM), Topographic Position Index (topographic position index)-based landform classification, and profile and plan curvatures derived from high-resolution bathymetry data. Among the important submarine features mapped include the San Andres submarine mass failure (SASMF). The San Andres submarine mass failure has an estimated volume of 0.0483 km3 and is located within the Malaylay Submarine Canyon System in the Verde Island Passage, ∼1 km offshore of San Andres in Baco, Oriental Mindoro. We also explored two tsunami models (EQ-only and EQ+SMF) for the 1994 Mindoro tsunami using JAGURS. The source mechanisms for both models included an earthquake component based on the Mw 7.1 earthquake, while the EQ+SMF also included an additional submarine mass failure component based on the mapped San Andres submarine mass failure. Modeled wave heights from the EQ-only model drastically underestimates the observed wave heights for the 1994 Mindoro tsunami. In contrast, the EQ+SMF model tsunami wave height estimates were closer to the observed data. As such, we propose an earthquake-triggered, submarine mass failure source mechanism for the 1994 Mindoro tsunami.

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Seabeam survey at the southern end of the Manila trench. Transition between subduction and collision processes, offshore Mindoro Island, Philippines

Cited by 25 publications

References 10 publications

Geological Setting of the Celebes and Sulu Seas

Geological Setting of the Celebes and Sulu Seas

Geology, Alteration, and Mineralization of the Kay Tanda Epithermal Gold Deposit, Lobo, Batangas, Philippines

An earthquake-triggered submarine mass failure mechanism for the 1994 Mindoro tsunami in the Philippines: Constraints from numerical modeling and submarine geomorphology

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