Sea urchin development

Hogan, Brigid

doi:10.1038/247166c0

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 11 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Relevantly, it might be constitutionally justified to apply a stricter form of legality to those rights, freedoms and principles which are essential to the proper exercise of judicial power and to maintain the rule of law. There is an established body of Australian case law where a particularly strict application of legality has protected these 'judicial rights': eg, natural justice, 178 open justice, 179 criminal due process 180 and especially court access. 181 A constitutional justification may be offered for such an approach.…”

Section: A the Constitution And Fundamentalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Fundamental Rights and Necessary Implication

Meagher

2023

Federal Law Review

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This article traces the manner in which the High Court’s recent legality jurisprudence has applied the ‘modern approach’ to interpretation in the context of fundamental rights. It is an approach which has exerted doctrinal pressure on the iconic and once authoritative conception of legality outlined in Coco v The Queen. Relevantly, the Court’s commitment to contextualism has extended to the interpretation of statutes which, on their ordinary meaning, implicate fundamental rights; and the important doctrinal shift which these cases seem to evidence is that the infringement of fundamental rights by necessary implication no longer has to satisfy the stringent — Coco — test. In Coco, the Court had stated that legality — the fundamental rights presumption — ‘may be displaced by an implication if it is necessary to prevent the statutory provisions from becoming inoperative or meaningless.’

show abstract

Section: A the Constitution And Fundamentalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Fundamental Rights and Necessary Implication

Meagher

2023

Federal Law Review

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Sea urchins are a long-standing model system in developmental biology, embryology, and aquaculture ( Hogan, 1974 ; Hose, 1985 ; Hagen, 1996 ; Agnello & Roccheri, 2010 ). Overfishing has led to a global reduction in sea urchin populations with sea urchin peak landings reducing from 120 thousand tonnes in 1995 to about 75 thousand tonnes in 2017 ( Stefánsson et al, 2017 ), while climate change may put many sea urchin species into threatened status ( Byrne et al, 2009 ; Hoegh-Guldberg & Bruno, 2010 ; Byrne & Hernández, 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rational synthesis of total damage during cryoprotectant equilibration: modelling and experimental validation of osmomechanical, temperature, and cytotoxic damage in sea urchin (Paracentrotus lividus) oocytes

Olver,

Heres,

Paredes

et al. 2023

PeerJ

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Sea urchins (e.g., Paracentrotus lividus) are important for both aquaculture and as model species. Despite their importance, biobanking of urchin oocytes by cryopreservation is currently not possible. Optimized cryoprotectant loading may enable novel vitrification methods and thus successful cryopreservation of oocytes. One method for determining an optimized loading protocol uses membrane characteristics and models of damage, namely osmomechanical damage, temperature damage (e.g., chill injury) and cytotoxicity. Here we present and experimentally evaluate existing and novel models of these damage modalities as a function of time and temperature. In osmomechanical damage experiments, oocytes were exposed for 2 to 30 minutes in hypertonic NaCl or sucrose supplemented seawater or in hypotonic diluted seawater. In temperature damage experiments, oocytes were exposed to 1.7 °C, 10 °C, or 20 °C for 2 to 90 minutes. Cytotoxicity was investigated by exposing oocytes to solutions of Me2SO for 2 to 30 minutes. We identified a time-dependent osmotic damage model, a temperature-dependent damage model, and a temperature and time-dependent cytotoxicity model. We combined these models to estimate total damage during a cryoprotectant loading protocol and determined the optimal loading protocol for any given goal intracellular cryoprotectant concentration. Given our fitted models, we find sea urchin oocytes can only be loaded to 13% Me2SO v/v with about 50% survival. This synthesis of multiple damage modalities is the first of its kind and enables a novel approach to modelling cryoprotectant equilibration survival for cells in general.

show abstract

“…Sea urchins are a long standing model system in developmental biology, embryology, and aquaculture (1)(2)(3)(4). Successful deployment of such biobanking techniques will enable efficient storage and transfer of gametes aiding scientific and aquacultural endeavors (5)(6)(7)(8)(9).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rational synthesis of total damage during vitrification: modelling and experimental validation of osmotic, temperature, and cytotoxic damage in sea urchin (Paracentrotus lividus) oocytes

Olver

Heres

Paredes

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Sea urchin (Paracentrotus lividus) oocytes are an important species for aquaculture and as a model species for multiple scientific fields. Despite their importance, methods of cryopreserved biobanking of oocytes are currently not possible. Optimized cryoprotectant loading may enable vitrification methods of cryopreservation and thus long term storage of oocytes. Determining an optimized protocol requires membrane characteristics and models of damage associated with the vitrification loading protocol, namely osmotic, temperature, and cytotoxic damage. We present and experimentally evaluated state of the art models alongside our novel models. We experimentally verify the damage models throughout time at difference treatment intensities. Osmotic damage experiments consisted of hypertonic solutions composed of seawater supplemented with NaCl or sucrose and hypotonic solutions composed of seawater diluted with deionized water. Treatment times ranged from 2 to 30 minutes. To test temperature damage (in particular chill injury), oocytes were exposed to 1.7 °C, 10 °C, and 20 °C (control) for exposure times ranging from 2 to 90 minutes. Cytotoxicity was investigated by exposing oocytes to solutions of Me2SO for exposure times ranging from 2 to 30 minutes. We identify appropriate models and use these to search for an optimal loading protocol, namely the time dependent osmotic damage model (for osmotic damage), the temperature dependent model (for temperature damage), and the external molality Arrhenius power model (for cytotoxicity). We combined these models to estimate total damage during a cryopreservation loading protocol and performed a exhaustive grid search for optimal loading for a given goal intracellular cryoprotectant concentration. Given our fitted models, we find sea urchin oocytes can only be loaded to 0.13 Me2SO v/v with a 50% survival, For reference, levels for vitrification are approximately 0.45 v/v. Our synthesis of damages is the first of its kind, and enables a fundamentally novel approach to modelling survival for cells in general.

show abstract

Sea urchin development

Cited by 6 publications

References 11 publications

Fundamental Rights and Necessary Implication

Fundamental Rights and Necessary Implication

Rational synthesis of total damage during cryoprotectant equilibration: modelling and experimental validation of osmomechanical, temperature, and cytotoxic damage in sea urchin (Paracentrotus lividus) oocytes

Rational synthesis of total damage during vitrification: modelling and experimental validation of osmotic, temperature, and cytotoxic damage in sea urchin (Paracentrotus lividus) oocytes

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About