Sea urchin coelomocytes are resistant to a variety of DNA damaging agents

Loram, J. E.; Raudonis, Renee; Chapman, Jecar; Lortie, Mae; Bodnár, Andrea

doi:10.1016/j.aquatox.2012.08.008

Cited by 13 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Necessary quantities of the CF with coelomocytes (total five sea urchins) were immediately taken from the coelomic cavity of unfed sea urchins. As previously described (Lin et al, ; Loram et al, ), the CF from each animal (CF: a volume of 5–10 ml/sample) was collected by removing the Aristotle's lantern, or the mouth structure. The fresh CF containing coelomocytes (100 µl) were settled onto glass coverslips and living coelomocytes were quickly examined without any application.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological and ultrastructural characterization of sea urchin immune cells

Deveci

Şener

İzzetoğlu

2015

Journal of Morphology

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The free circulating coelomocytes in the coelomic cavity of echinoderms are considered to be immune effectors by phagocytosis, encapsulation, cytotoxicity, and by the production of antimicrobial agents. Although echinoderms (especially sea urchin embryo) have been used as a model organisms in biology, no uniform criteria exist for classification of coelomocytes in echinoderms, and few studies have reported about the biological functions of their coelomocytes. Hence, we study the coelomocytes in the echinoid sea urchin, Paracentrotus lividus, and describe their morphological and ultrastructural features using light and transmission electron microscopes. We classify the coelomocytes of P. lividus into red spherule and colorless spherule cells, small cells, vibratile cells, and phagocytic cells; petaloid and filopodial cells. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing ultrastructural details of the coelomocytes of P. lividus.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological and ultrastructural characterization of sea urchin immune cells

Deveci

Şener

İzzetoğlu

2015

Journal of Morphology

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“…For instance, the presence of uracil-DNA glycosylase activity was detected in early embryos of Sphaerechinus granularis 8 , and a functional Xth family AP endonuclease was cloned from Paracentrotus lividus 9 . Overall time courses of disappearance of DNA damage induced by various genotoxic assaults in adult sea urchin cells suggest that full BER is functional in several species 8,10,11 .…”

Section: Page 3 Of 26 Molecular Biosystemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Base excision DNA repair in the embryonic development of the sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus intermedius

et al. 2016

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In actively proliferating cells, such as the cells of the developing embryo, DNA repair is crucial for preventing the accumulation of mutations and synchronizing cell division. Sea urchin embryo growth was analyzed and extracts were prepared. The relative activity of DNA polymerase, apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) endonuclease, uracil-DNA glycosylase, 8-oxoguanine-DNA glycosylase, and other glycosylases was analyzed using specific oligonucleotide substrates of these enzymes; the reaction products were resolved by denaturing 20% polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. We have characterized the profile of several key base excision repair activities in the developing embryos (2 blastomers to mid-pluteus) of the grey sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus intermedius. The uracil-DNA glycosylase specific activity sharply increased after blastula hatching, whereas the specific activity of 8-oxoguanine-DNA glycosylase steadily decreased over the course of the development. The AP-endonuclease activity gradually increased but dropped at the last sampled stage (mid-pluteus 2). The DNA polymerase activity was high at the first cleavage division and then quickly decreased, showing a transient peak at blastula hatching. It seems that the developing sea urchin embryo encounters different DNA-damaging factors early in development within the protective envelope and later as a free-floating larva, with hatching necessitating adaptation to the shift in genotoxic stress conditions. No correlation was observed between the dynamics of the enzyme activities and published gene expression data from developing congeneric species, S. purpuratus. The results suggest that base excision repair enzymes may be regulated in the sea urchin embryos at the level of covalent modification or protein stability.

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“…Necessary quantities of the coelomic fluid with coelomocytes were immediately taken from the coelomic cavity without feeding sea urchins. As previously described [37,38], the coelomic fluid from each animal was collected by removing Aristotle's lantern, or the mouth structure, and aliquoted into 3 ml volumes and then diluted with isosmotic anticoagulant solution (20 mM Tris, 0.5 M NaCl, 70 mM EDTA pH 7.5) (ISO-EDTA). After centrifugation (1000 Â g for 10 min at 4 C), coelomocytes were washed three times in ISO-EDTA and then fixed in methanol either at À20 C or À80 C.…”

Section: Coelomocyte Collection For Sialic Acid Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of sialic acids in immune system cells (coelomocytes) of sea urchin, Paracentrotus lividus, using capillary LC-ESI-MS/MS

İzzetoğlu

Şahar

Şener

et al. 2014

Fish & Shellfish Immunology

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Coelomocytes are considered to be immune effectors of sea urchins. Coelomocytes are the freely circulating cells in the body fluid contained in echinoderm coelom and mediate the cellular defence responses to immune challenges by phagocytosis, encapsulation, cytotoxicity and the production of antimicrobial agents. Coelomocytes have the ability to recognize self from non-self. Considering that sialic acids play important roles in immunity, we determined the presence of sialic acid types in coelomocytes of Paracentrotus lividus. Homogenized coelomocytes were kept in 2 M aqueous acetic acid at 80 °C for 3 h to liberate sialic acids. Sialic acids were determined by derivatization with 1,2-diamino-4,5-methylenediaoxy-benzene dihydrochloride (DMB) followed by capillary liquid-chromatography-electrospray ionization/tandem mass spectrometry (CapLC-ESI-MS/MS). Standard sialic acids; Neu5Ac, Neu5Gc, KDN and bovine submaxillary mucin showing a variety of sialic acids were used to confirm sialic acids types. We found ten different types of sialic acids (Neu5Gc, Neu5Ac, Neu5Gc9Ac, Neu5Gc8Ac, Neu5,9Ac2, Neu5,7Ac2, Neu5,8Ac2, Neu5,7,9Ac3, Neu5Gc7,9Ac2, Neu5Gc7Ac) isolated in limited amounts from total coelomocyte population. Neu5Gc type of sialic acids in coelomocytes was the most abundant type sialic acid when compared with other types. This is the first report on the presence of sialic acid types in coelomocytes of P. lividus using CapLC-ESI-MS/MS-Ion Trap system (Capillary Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray Ionization/Tandem Mass Spectrometry).

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Sea urchin coelomocytes are resistant to a variety of DNA damaging agents

Cited by 13 publications

References 29 publications

Morphological and ultrastructural characterization of sea urchin immune cells

Morphological and ultrastructural characterization of sea urchin immune cells

Base excision DNA repair in the embryonic development of the sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus intermedius

Determination of sialic acids in immune system cells (coelomocytes) of sea urchin, Paracentrotus lividus, using capillary LC-ESI-MS/MS

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