Sea Urchin Aquaculture in Scotland

Kelly, Maeve; Carboni, Stefano; Cook, Elizabeth; Hughes, Adam D.

doi:10.1002/9781119005810.ch9

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…In Paracentrotus lividus, an advanced photoperiod, in combination with a constant temperature, was used successfully to promote "out of season" gonadal maturation. However, this required at least three months and there is no information as to whether the gametes were mature (Kelly, Carboni, Cook, & Hughes, 2015). In addition, constant darkness reduced the gonad production (McCarron, Burnell, & Mouzakitis, 2010), as we also found in our study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 46%

Photoperiod in aquaculture of the sea urchin Arbacia dufresnii (Echinodermata: Echinoidea): Effects on gamete production and maturity

et al. 2021

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Introduction: Photoperiod is, together with temperature and food availability, one of the main stimuli in the regulation of gametogenesis in a wide variety of species. Objective: To evaluate the effect of photoperiod on the production of mature gametes in cultured Arbacia dufresnii. Methods: An experiment was carried out with three varying light-dark regimes/treatments: constant light (24 h light), neutral photoperiod (12 h light, 12 h darkness), and constant darkness (24 h darkness). Twenty females were used in each treatment. All were induced to spawn and, ten randomly selected females from each treatment were induced to spawn again after 30 days. After 60 days, spawning was induced in the remaining females. The gametes were collected in filtered seawater, fixed in Davidson solution, quantified and measured per individual in triplicate in a Sedgewick-Rafter chamber. To determine maturation, fertilization success was evaluated 30 minutes after fertilization. Results: Our results showed that in the aquaculture system, after only two months, mature gametes were obtained, and in the neutral light regime there were 10 times more gametes than the number produced in wild sea urchins during the spawning period in question. We also found that with a greater exposure to light, a lower number of mature gametes was produced. Conclusions: This study suggests the viability of the production of mature gametes in a short period of time as regards Arbacia dufresnii.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 46%

Photoperiod in aquaculture of the sea urchin Arbacia dufresnii (Echinodermata: Echinoidea): Effects on gamete production and maturity

et al. 2021

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“…The production of sea urchins involves several stages: obtaining and conditioning breeding animals, obtaining gametes (usually by induction), fertilizing and incubating eggs, larvae culture, larvae metamorphosis and fixation, juvenile growth and ongrowing. The hatching of eggs gives rise to planktonic larvae (pluteus larvae) which, during their development, undergoes different metamorphoses until reaching the pre‐juvenile stage (Boudouresque & Verlaque, 2013; Kelly et al, 2015; Mendes et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testing cocolitophoro Emiliania huxleyi on an aquaculture‐produced purple sea urchin ( Paracentrotus lividus ) larvae diet

Araújo

Candeias‐Mendes

Monteiro

et al. 2022

Aquaculture Research

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The nutritional quality of Paracentrotus lividus larvae's feed plays an important role in their survival and development. The lipid profile of microalgae is largely reflected in the successful development of different metamorphoses. Emiliania huxleyi is the most common cocolitophoro in the oceans and the most important microalgae for calcium carbonate sedimentation on the ocean floor. Despite its biological and geological importance, the application of this microalgae in sea urchin larvae feeding is still unknown. In this work, the performance of E. huxley was evaluated as a P. lividus larvae feeding. Three diets were tested: D1: (Rhodomonas marina), D2 (R. marina, Skeletonema costatum, Emiliania huxleyi) and D3 (E. huxley). Larvae fed with the D2 diet (75.8%) and D3 (74.9%) had a survival at 15 DAH higher than D1 (48.7%). Larvae development was significantly higher in larvae fed with more than one species of algae (D1 and D2), compared with larvae fed only with E. huxley. On day 15 DAH, the number of larvae in the pre‐fixation state was much higher in D1 and D2. The analysis of the E. huxley fatty acid profile has a relatively low content of total fatty acids, being, however, rich in DHA (22: 6ω3). The DHA/EPA ratio in these microalgae is significantly higher than the other microalgae used in this work. This research also found that a multiple microalgae species diet promotes optimal development, with the E. huxley species contributing to a high survival rate.

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“…Aquaculture production of sea urchins may represent an ecologically sustainable alternative to satisfy the market demand, preserving natural populations. Indeed, recently much effort has been put to set-up rearing protocols for gonad enhancement (Kelly & Chamberlain, 2010;McCarron, Burnell, Kerry, & Mouzakitis, 2010;Sartori, Pellegrin, Macchia, & Gaion, 2016;Spirlet, Grosjean, & Jangoux, 2000). Nevertheless, one of the main gaps in echinoculture is the identification and development of a high nutritional quality diet to boost the production of high-quality gonads in terms of biomass, colour, texture and taste and, at the same time, economically effective and environmental sustainable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In more detail, we tested the response of P. lividus to the new formulated feed in terms of survival rate, test diameter, total weight, gonad index expressed as size-adjusted gonad weight (sensu Ebert, Hernandez, & Russell, 2011), gonad colour, and essential and polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially those belonging to the omega-3 family. Despite the importance of fatty acid content and profile in the diets provided to reared species, including sea urchins (Carboni, Hughes, Atack, Tocher, & Migaud, 2013;Kelly, Carboni, Cook, & Hughes, 2015;Liu et al, 2007), there are only few studies reporting the role of FA content in natural, industrial or formulated feeds on the nutritional and commercial quality of sea urchin roe (Cook, Bell, Black, & Kelly, 2000;Pantazis et al, 2000;Prato et al, 2018).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A new sustainable formulated feed based on discards from food industries for rearing the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus (Lmk)

et al. 2019

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During a 18‐week experiment in a sea‐based system, Paracentrotus lividus was fed with two formulations of a new sustainable feed whose main ingredients were food farming discards, mostly outermost lettuce leaves, in different percentage. Egg white was added as protein source and binder, and a little amount of commercial fish feed was added as lipid source. At the end of the experiment, a high survival rate (>80%) and an increase in test diameter (22%), total weight (130%), gonad weight (240%) and gonad index expressed as size‐adjusted gonad weight (288%) were recorded. Gonads achieved a good colour and high levels of essential and polyunsaturated fatty acids, hence representing a commercially valuable product. Comparing the two feed formulations, the one with the lower lettuce content (57% vs. 67%) led to the best product quality, in terms of gonad features (gonad index and colour) and content of essential fatty acids. In order to move towards a higher sustainability of the aquaculture sector, this study proposes a low‐cost feed, produced with cheap and sustainable ingredients such as food farming discards.

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Sea Urchin Aquaculture in Scotland

Cited by 6 publications

References 34 publications

Photoperiod in aquaculture of the sea urchin Arbacia dufresnii (Echinodermata: Echinoidea): Effects on gamete production and maturity

Photoperiod in aquaculture of the sea urchin Arbacia dufresnii (Echinodermata: Echinoidea): Effects on gamete production and maturity

Testing cocolitophoro Emiliania huxleyi on an aquaculture‐produced purple sea urchin ( Paracentrotus lividus ) larvae diet

A new sustainable formulated feed based on discards from food industries for rearing the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus (Lmk)

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