Sea surface temperature contributes to marine crocodylomorph evolution

Martin, Jérémy E.; Amiot, Romain; Lécuyer, Christophe; Benton, Michael J.

doi:10.1038/ncomms5658

Cited by 71 publications

(112 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Second, this could therefore impact our interpretations of the relative magnitude, tempo and mode of apparent radiations and extinctions. Third, if the shape of estimated diversity curves change (either based on raw or 'corrected' data), we could see that the strength of results from comparisons of diversity with extrinsic factors such as sea-level or palaeotemperature (Benson et al, 2010;Butler et al, 2011;Peters & Heim, 2011b;Mayhew et al, 2012;Martin et al, 2014;Mannion et al, 2015;Nicholson et al, 2015;Tennant, Mannion & Upchurch, 2016a, 2016b will change.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How has our knowledge of dinosaur diversity through geologic time changed through research history?

Chiarenza¹,

Baron²

2017

Preprint

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Assessments of dinosaur macroevolution at any given time can be biased by the historical publication record. Recent studies have analysed patterns in dinosaur diversity that are based on secular variations in the numbers of published taxa. Many of these have employed a range of approaches that account for changes in the shape of the taxonomic abundance curve, which are largely dependent on databases compiled from the primary published literature. However, how these 'corrected' diversity patterns are influenced by the history of publication remains largely unknown. Here, we investigate the influence of publication history between 1991 and 2015 on our understanding of dinosaur evolution using raw diversity estimates and shareholder quorum subsampling for the three major subgroups: Ornithischia, Sauropodomorpha, and Theropoda. We find that, while sampling generally improves through time, there remain periods and regions in dinosaur evolutionary history where diversity estimates are highly volatile (e.g. the latest Jurassic of Europe, the mid-Cretaceous of North America, and the Late Cretaceous of South America). Our results show that historical changes in database compilation can often substantially influence our interpretations of dinosaur diversity. 'Global' estimates of diversity based on the fossil record are often also based on incomplete, and distinct regional signals, each subject to their own sampling history. Changes in the record of taxon abundance distribution, either through discovery of new taxa or addition of existing taxa to improve sampling evenness, are important in improving the reliability of our interpretations of dinosaur diversity. Furthermore, the number of occurrences and newly identified dinosaurs is still rapidly increasing through time, suggesting that it is entirely possible for much of what we know about dinosaurs at the present to change within the next 20 years. Subjects Evolutionary Studies, PaleontologyChao A, Jost L. 2012. Coverage-based rarefaction and extrapolation: standardizing samples by completeness rather than size. Ecology 93 (12):

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How has our knowledge of dinosaur diversity through geologic time changed through research history?

Chiarenza¹,

Baron²

2017

Preprint

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“…A faunal turnover is documented in sauropterygian taxa, along with the extinction of shallow marine and semi-aquatic crocodylomorphs and testudines at the J/K boundary Benson & Druckenmiller, 2014;Martin et al, 2014). The staggered Late Jurassic decline in thalattosuchians, along with semi-aquatic crocodylomorphs, is likely to have been related to the closing off of shallow marine basins during a global sea-level regression (Hallam, 1988(Hallam, , 1992(Hallam, , 2001Miller et al, 2005;Pierce et al, 2009).…”

Section: (B) Marine Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This ecological dichotomy in metriorhynchids is reflected in their high morphological disparity, although how this changed over the J/K boundary is difficult to discern . Thalattosuchian diversity declined through the J/K boundary based on both raw and subsampled estimates (Mannion et al, 2015), with teleosauroids becoming extinct at the end of the Hauterivian (Fanti et al, in press), and the group had disappeared completely by the end of the Aptian (Young et al, 2014a,b;Martin et al, 2014;Chiarenza et al, 2015;Fig. 7).…”

Section: (C) Crocodylomorphsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biotic and environmental dynamics through theLateJurassic–EarlyCretaceous transition: evidence for protracted faunal and ecological turnover

et al. 2016

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The Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous interval represents a time of environmental upheaval and cataclysmic events, combined with disruptions to terrestrial and marine ecosystems. Historically, the Jurassic/Cretaceous (J/K) boundary was classified as one of eight mass extinctions. However, more recent research has largely overturned this view, revealing a much more complex pattern of biotic and abiotic dynamics than has previously been appreciated. Here, we present a synthesis of our current knowledge of Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous events, focusing particularly on events closest to the J/K boundary. We find evidence for a combination of short-term catastrophic events, large-scale tectonic processes and environmental perturbations, and major clade interactions that led to a seemingly dramatic faunal and ecological turnover in both the marine and terrestrial realms. This is coupled with a great reduction in global biodiversity which might in part be explained by poor sampling. Very few groups appear to have been entirely resilient to this J/K boundary 'event', which hints at a 'cascade model' of ecosystem changes driving faunal dynamics. Within terrestrial ecosystems, larger, more-specialised organisms, such as saurischian dinosaurs, appear to have suffered the most. Medium-sized tetanuran theropods declined, and were replaced by larger-bodied groups, and basal eusauropods were replaced by neosauropod faunas. The ascent of paravian theropods is emphasised by escalated competition with contemporary pterosaur groups, culminating in the explosive radiation of birds, although the timing of this is obfuscated by biases in sampling. Smaller, more ecologically diverse terrestrial non-archosaurs, such as lissamphibians and mammaliaforms, were comparatively resilient to extinctions, instead documenting the origination of many extant groups around the J/K boundary. In the marine realm, extinctions were focused on low-latitude, shallow marine shelf-dwelling faunas, corresponding to a significant eustatic sea-level fall in the latest Jurassic. More mobile and ecologically plastic marine groups, such as ichthyosaurs, survived the boundary relatively unscathed. High rates of extinction and turnover in other macropredaceous marine groups, including plesiosaurs, are accompanied by the origin of most major lineages of extant sharks. Groups which occupied both marine and terrestrial ecosystems, including crocodylomorphs, document a selective extinction in shallow marine forms, whereas turtles appear to have diversified. These patterns suggest that different extinction selectivity and ecological processes were operating between marine and terrestrial ecosystems, which were ultimately important in determining the fates of many key groups, as well as the origins of many major extant lineages. We identify a series of potential abiotic candidates for driving these patterns, including multiple bolide impacts, several episodes of flood basalt eruptions, dramatic climate change, and major disruptions to oceanic systems. The J/K t...

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“…Over land, crocodylomorphs (a group including crocodilians), chelonians (the order containing turtles), and champsosaurs with representatives in shallow marine and freshwater habitats seem to have survived better than other large bodied fauna [ Benton , ; MacLeod et al ., ; Martin et al ., ]. Large rivers might have been somewhat insulated from terrestrial temperature changes and fires, while estuarine areas might not have felt the full effects of marine stratification on nutrient supply: species living in such habitats might have therefore survived better than their fully oceanic or terrestrial counterparts, especially if they were tolerant to a wide range of different body temperatures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global warming and ocean stratification: A potential result of large extraterrestrial impacts

Joshi

Glasow

Smith

et al. 2017

Geophysical Research Letters

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The prevailing paradigm for the climatic effects of large asteroid or comet impacts is a reduction in sunlight and significant short‐term cooling caused by atmospheric aerosol loading. Here we show, using global climate model experiments, that the large increases in stratospheric water vapor that can occur upon impact with the ocean cause radiative forcings of over +20 W m−2 in the case of 10 km sized bolides. The result of such a positive forcing is rapid climatic warming, increased upper ocean stratification, and potentially disruption of upper ocean ecosystems. Since two thirds of the world's surface is ocean, we suggest that some bolide impacts may actually warm climate overall. For impacts producing both stratospheric water vapor and aerosol loading, radiative forcing by water vapor can reduce or even cancel out aerosol‐induced cooling, potentially causing 1–2 decades of increased temperatures in both the upper ocean and on the land surface. Such a response, which depends on the ratio of aerosol to water vapor radiative forcing, is distinct from many previous scenarios for the climatic effects of large bolide impacts, which mostly account for cooling from aerosol loading. Finally, we discuss how water vapor forcing from bolide impacts may have contributed to two well‐known phenomena: extinction across the Cretaceous/Paleogene boundary and the deglaciation of the Neoproterozoic snowball Earth.

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Sea surface temperature contributes to marine crocodylomorph evolution

Cited by 71 publications

References 44 publications

How has our knowledge of dinosaur diversity through geologic time changed through research history?

How has our knowledge of dinosaur diversity through geologic time changed through research history?

Biotic and environmental dynamics through theLateJurassic–EarlyCretaceous transition: evidence for protracted faunal and ecological turnover

Global warming and ocean stratification: A potential result of large extraterrestrial impacts

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