Sea surface slope statistics derived from Sun glint radiance measurements and their apparent dependence on sensor elevation

Abstract

[1] Sea surface slope variances are obtained by inverting narrowband (444, 501, 677, and 864 nm) Sun glint radiance measurements using a detailed analytical specular sea surface bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) that includes mutual wave shadowing and hiding. The resulting data set spans a wide range of environmental conditions including wind speeds from 0.5 to 13.5 m s À1 and many different viewing and source geometries. Analysis against wind speed and atmospheric stability produces trends similar to those found in previous studies, as well as finer tendencies that were formerly difficult to detect. Furthermore, the detailed nature of the BRDF model used in the analysis permits an investigation of the correlation of the statistics with viewing geometry, revealing a strong relationship between sensor elevation and measured slope variance, especially at grazing angles.Citation: Ross, V., and D. Dion (2007), Sea surface slope statistics derived from Sun glint radiance measurements and their apparent dependence on sensor elevation,

Real‐time Realistic Ocean Lighting using Seamless Transitions from Geometry to BRDF

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Sun Glint Correction of High and Low Spatial Resolution Images of Aquatic Scenes: a Review of Methods for Visible and Near-Infrared Wavelengths

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Probability of detection using ShipIR/NVIPM

“…Basic sensor information, geography, and meteorology (including date and time) are input to the background model utilizing MODTRAN for sun and sky radiance, and atmospheric propagation. A proprietary sea reflectance model computes both the average and RMS variance in sea radiance using the methods of Mermelstein (1994) and results from both Shaw and Churnside (1997), and Ross and Dion (2007). As shown in Figure 2, a platform model is constructed from an AutoCAD™ 3DFace (.DXF) or Pointwise™ T-Grid (.msh) file, forming the geometric basis of both a radiative heat transfer and in-band surface radiance model which includes diffuse and specular multi-bounce reflections.…”