Sea State Trends and Variability: Consistency Between Models, Altimeters, Buoys, and Seismic Data (1979–2016)

Stopa, Justin E.; Ardhuin, Fabrice; Stutzmann, É.; Lecocq, Thomas

doi:10.1029/2018jc014607

Cited by 35 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…More generally, microseismic noise analysis will not only increase the number of ocean observations but will also be very useful in validating ocean wave models worldwide (e.g. Stopa et al 2019).…”

Section: S M a S P R E C U R S O R S O F S T Ro N G S W E L L S I M Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing swells in La Réunion Island from terrestrial seismic observations, oceanographic records and offshore wave models

Rindraharisaona

Cordier

Barruol

et al. 2020

Geophysical Journal International

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SUMMARY La Réunion Island in the southwest Indian Ocean is seasonally affected by austral swells among which some extreme events may have strong impacts on coastal infrastructures. The very limited number of sensors available on and around the island and in the whole SW Indian Ocean impedes any direct monitoring of the swell activity. In this study, we analyse direct observations of the ocean swell by combining terrestrial measurements of the microseismic noise with in situ oceanographic observations issued from two pressure gauges and an Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP), together with swell numerical modelling. The reliability of the terrestrial seismic station to characterize the ocean activity in both the primary and secondary microseisms peaks (PM and SM, respectively), and also in the long period secondary microseismic peak (LPSM) for the case of La Réunion Island is presented and discussed here. By computing the hourly RMS of the PM and LP(SM) amplitudes, we establish a transfer function between the PM and (LP)SM amplitude and the maximum wave height, which appears to be valid for any PM and LPSM amplitudes >0.15 μm and >1.0 μm, respectively. The correlation coefficient between the PM amplitude and the wave height is >0.92. It suggests that the PM amplitude can be used as a robust proxy for the swell height and may help calibrating the wave heights from other independent observable. For some swell events, we observe LPSM that correlate well (>0.91) with the local wave height suggesting a generation by coastal swell reflection. From polarization and spectral analyses, directions and periods of swells are also well retrieved from seismic data. Finally, continuous measure of the SM amplitude shows that it can be used as precursor information for distant swells that may hit La Réunion Island a few days after their generation in the southern Indian Ocean.

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Section: S M a S P R E C U R S O R S O F S T Ro N G S W E L L S I M Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing swells in La Réunion Island from terrestrial seismic observations, oceanographic records and offshore wave models

Rindraharisaona

Cordier

Barruol

et al. 2020

Geophysical Journal International

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“…While these long-term trends could be the result of external climate variability, the time-consistency of the wind field reanalysis that feed wave hindcasts remains a major issue to be solved for gaining confidence in such results (e.g. Stopa et al 2019). Nevertheless, given the significant contribution of wave-induced processes to coastal sea level, changes in the wave conditions over decadal or longer time scales will likely contribute to coastal sea level changes and need to be further investigated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Numerical wave hindcasts forced by General Circulation Models (GCM) or Regional Climate Model(RCM) reanalysis offer an additional alternative to study wave climate variability over a longer time period with a high resolution and global coverage, even though temporal inhomogeneity in the reanalysis data limit the confidence in the model results for long-term trends analysis (e.g Stopa et al 2019…”

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confidence: 99%

The Contribution of Wind-Generated Waves to Coastal Sea-Level Changes

et al. 2019

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Surface gravity waves generated by winds are ubiquitous on our oceans and play a primordial role in the dynamics of the ocean-land-atmosphere interfaces. In particular, wind-generated waves cause fluctuations of the sea level at the coast over timescales from a few seconds (individual wave runup) to a few hours (wave-induced setup). These wave-induced processes are of major importance for coastal management as they add up to tides and atmospheric surges during storm events and enhance coastal flooding and erosion. Changes in the atmospheric circulation associated with natural climate cycles or caused by increasing greenhouse gas emissions affect the wave conditions worldwide, which may drive significant changes in the wave-induced coastal hydrodynamics. Since sea-level rise represents a major challenge for sustainable coastal management, particularly in low-lying coastal areas and/or along densely urbanized coastlines, understanding the contribution of wind-generated waves to the long-term budget of coastal sea-level changes is therefore of major importance. In this review, we describe the physical processes by which sea states may affect coastal sea level at several timescales, we present the methods currently used to estimate the wave contribution to coastal sea-level changes, we describe past and future wave climate variability, we discuss the contribution of wave to coastal sea-level changes, and we discuss the limitations and perspectives of this research field.

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“…Further, as the impacts of global change appear to be taking place in East Antarctica faster than previously anticipated (Fox, 2019;Witze, 2018), and since both sea ice loss and ocean swell can play a part in ice shelf disintegration (Massom et al, 2018), microseism intensity may prove useful in understanding rapid changes in these interacting Earth systems. Recent use of microseism intensity for the detection of long-term climate trends by the oceanography community (Stopa et al, 2019) may be further developed using the relationships we have identified in this contribution.…”

Section: 1029/2019jf005354mentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of the Cryosphere and Atmosphere on Observed Microseisms Generated in the Southern Ocean

et al. 2020

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The Southern Ocean (in the region 60–180° E) south of the Indian Ocean, Australia, and the West Pacific is noted for the frequent occurrence and severity of its storms. These storms give rise to high‐amplitude secondary microseisms from sources, including the deep ocean regions, and primary microseisms where the swells impinge on submarine topographic features. A better understanding of the varying microseism wavefield enables improvements to seismic imaging and development of proxy observables to complement sparse in situ wave observations and hindcast models of the global ocean wave climate. We analyze 12–26 years of seismic data from 11 seismic stations either on the East Antarctic coast or sited in the Indian Ocean, Australia, and New Zealand. The power spectral density of the seismic wavefield is calculated to explore how the time‐changing microseism intensity varies with (i) sea ice coverage surrounding Antarctica and (ii) the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) climate index. Variations in sea ice extent are found to be the dominant control on the microseism intensity at Antarctic stations, which exhibit a seasonal pattern phase‐shifted by 4–5 months compared to stations in other continents. Peaks in extremal intensity at East Antarctic stations occur in March–April, with the highest peaks for secondary microseisms occurring during negative SAM events. This relationship between microseism intensity and the SAM index is opposite to that observed on the Antarctic Peninsula. This work informs the complexity of microseism amplitudes in the Southern Hemisphere and assists ongoing interdisciplinary investigations of interannual variability and long‐term trends.

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Sea State Trends and Variability: Consistency Between Models, Altimeters, Buoys, and Seismic Data (1979–2016)

Cited by 35 publications

References 52 publications

Assessing swells in La Réunion Island from terrestrial seismic observations, oceanographic records and offshore wave models

Assessing swells in La Réunion Island from terrestrial seismic observations, oceanographic records and offshore wave models

The Contribution of Wind-Generated Waves to Coastal Sea-Level Changes

Impacts of the Cryosphere and Atmosphere on Observed Microseisms Generated in the Southern Ocean

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