Sea spray aerosol concentration modulated by sea surface temperature

Liu, Shang; Liu, Chengcheng; Froyd, K. D.; Schill, G. P.; Murphy, D. M.; Bui, T. P.; Dean‐Day, Jonathan M.; Weinzierl, Bernadett; Dollner, Maximilian; Diskin, G. S.; Chen, Gao; Gao, R. S.

doi:10.1073/pnas.2020583118

Cited by 45 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Consequently, the vast majority of the particles of all diameters measured by the OPC showing the diel pattern can be considered dry or slightly humidified sea salt. For particles with D geo larger than about 0.5 μm, previous measurements in the AMBL have also shown that the dominant component of SSA in the marine aerosol mass size distribution is inorganic sea salt 21,22,34,35 , consistent with our findings.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…To this end, given the surface winds range we encountered (U 30 < 16 m s −1 ), as a first approximation, the attribution between the local contribution of N SSA and N LRT can be scaled to the concentration. SSA is produced by the wind stress over the ocean surface, and its concentration has been shown to be (nonlinearly) propositional to the wind speed 4,20,21 , with typical concentrations in the range of 10 s per cubic centimeter 21,22 . Whereas the contribution of N LRT is proportional to the yields of the continental sources (dust, pollution, smoke), the distance the aerosol traveled, and with aerosol lifetime in the atmosphere, in general, inversely proportional to the aerosol size 3,23,24 , the quantity of smaller diameters will be greater.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diel cycle of sea spray aerosol concentration

et al. 2021

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Sea spray aerosol (SSA) formation have a major role in the climate system, but measurements at a global-scale of this micro-scale process are highly challenging. We measured high-resolution temporal patterns of SSA number concentration over the Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea, and the Pacific Ocean covering over 42,000 km. We discovered a ubiquitous 24-hour rhythm to the SSA number concentration, with concentrations increasing after sunrise, remaining higher during the day, and returning to predawn values after sunset. The presence of dominating continental aerosol transport can mask the SSA cycle. We did not find significant links between the diel cycle of SSA number concentration and diel variations of surface winds, atmospheric physical properties, radiation, pollution, nor oceanic physical properties. However, the daily mean sea surface temperature positively correlated with the magnitude of the day-to-nighttime increase in SSA concentration. Parallel diel patterns in particle sizes were also detected in near-surface waters attributed to variations in the size of particles smaller than ~1 µm. These variations may point to microbial day-to-night modulation of bubble-bursting dynamics as a possible cause of the SSA cycle.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diel cycle of sea spray aerosol concentration

et al. 2021

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“…Wind and waves generate sea spray aerosols [20] that can act as prebiotic chemical reactors [21]. Prebiotic chemistry generated simple amphiphiles (typically with a hydrophilic headgroup and a hydrophilic tail) that provided a surface hydrophobic membrane that enabled evaporation, the concentration of reactants and ion gradients that included proton gradients.…”

Section: The Origin Of Ion Gradientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Molecular Pinball Machine of the Plasma Membrane Regulates Plant Growth—A New Paradigm

Lamport

Kieliszewski

2021

Cells

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Novel molecular pinball machines of the plasma membrane control cytosolic Ca2+ levels that regulate plant metabolism. The essential components involve: 1. an auxin-activated proton pump; 2. arabinogalactan glycoproteins (AGPs); 3. Ca2+ channels; 4. auxin-efflux “PIN” proteins. Typical pinball machines release pinballs that trigger various sound and visual effects. However, in plants, “proton pinballs” eject Ca2+ bound by paired glucuronic acid residues of numerous glycomodules in periplasmic AGP-Ca2+. Freed Ca2+ ions flow down the electrostatic gradient through open Ca2+ channels into the cytosol, thus activating numerous Ca2+-dependent activities. Clearly, cytosolic Ca2+ levels depend on the activity of the proton pump, the state of Ca2+ channels and the size of the periplasmic AGP-Ca2+ capacitor; proton pump activation is a major regulatory focal point tightly controlled by the supply of auxin. Auxin efflux carriers conveniently known as “PIN” proteins (null mutants are pin-shaped) pump auxin from cell to cell. Mechanosensitive Ca2+ channels and their activation by reactive oxygen species (ROS) are yet another factor regulating cytosolic Ca2+. Cell expansion also triggers proton pump/pinball activity by the mechanotransduction of wall stress via Hechtian adhesion, thus forming a Hechtian oscillator that underlies cycles of wall plasticity and oscillatory growth. Finally, the Ca2+ homeostasis of plants depends on cell surface external storage as a source of dynamic Ca2+, unlike the internal ER storage source of animals, where the added regulatory complexities ranging from vitamin D to parathormone contrast with the elegant simplicity of plant life. This paper summarizes a sixty-year Odyssey.

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“…Wind and waves generate sea spray aerosols [20] that can act as prebiotic chemical reactors [21]. Prebiotic chemistry generated simple amphiphiles (typically with a hydrophilic headgroup and a hydrophilic tail) that provided a surface hydrophobic membrane that enabled evaporation, concentration of reactants and ion gradients that included proton gradients.…”

Section: The Origin Of Ion Gradientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Molecular Pinball Machine of the Plasma Membrane Regulates Plant Growth – A New Paradigm

Lamport¹,

Tan²,

Kieliszewski

2021

Preprint

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Novel molecular pinball machines of the plasma membrane control cytosolic Ca2+ levels that regulate plant metabolism. [https://youtu.be/zABg7LiBk88] Essential components involve: 1. an auxin-activated proton pump; 2. arabinogalactan glycoproteins (AGPs); 3. Ca2+ channels; 4. auxin-efflux “PIN” proteins. Typical pinball machines release pinballs that trigger various sound and visual effects. However, in plants “proton pinballs” eject Ca2+ bound by paired glucuronic acid residues of numerous glycomodules in periplasmic AGP-Ca2+. Freed Ca2+ ions flow down the electrostatic gradient through open Ca2+ channels into the cytosol thus activating numerous Ca2+-dependent activities.Clearly cytosolic Ca2+ levels depend on activity of the proton pump, the state of Ca2+ channels and size of the periplasmic AGP-Ca2+ capacitor: Proton pump activation is a major regulatory focal point tightly controlled by the supply of auxin: auxin efflux carriers conveniently known as “PIN” proteins [null mutants are pin-shaped!] pump auxin from cell to cell. Mechanosensitive Ca2+ channels and their activation by reactive oxygen species (ROS) are yet another factor regulating cytosolic Ca2+.Cell expansion also triggers proton pump/pinball activity by mechanotransduction of wall stress via Hechtian adhesion thus forming a Hechtian oscillator that underlies cycles of wall plasticity and oscillatory growth.Finally, Ca2+ homeostasis of plants depends on cell surface external storage as source of dynamic Ca2+, unlike the internal ER storage source of animals where the added regulatory complexities ranging from vitamin D to parathormone contrast with the elegant simplicity of plant life. This paper summarises a sixty year Odyssey.

show abstract

Sea spray aerosol concentration modulated by sea surface temperature

Cited by 45 publications

References 51 publications

Diel cycle of sea spray aerosol concentration

Diel cycle of sea spray aerosol concentration

A Molecular Pinball Machine of the Plasma Membrane Regulates Plant Growth—A New Paradigm

A Molecular Pinball Machine of the Plasma Membrane Regulates Plant Growth – A New Paradigm

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