Sea spray aerosol as a unique source of ice nucleating particles

DeMott, Paul J.; Hill, Thomas C. J.; McCluskey, Christina S.; Prather, Kimberly A.; Collins, Douglas B.; Sullivan, R. C.; Ruppel, Matthew J.; Mason, Ryan H.; Irish, Victoria E.; Lee, Taehyoung; Hwang, Chung Yeon; Rhee, Tae Siek; Snider, Jefferson R.; McMeeking, G. R.; Dhaniyala, Suresh; Lewis, Ernie R.; Wentzell, Jeremy J. B.; Abbatt, Jonathan P. D.; Lee, Christopher; Sultana, Camille M.; Ault, Andrew P.; Axson, Jessica L.; Martinez, Myrelis Diaz; Venero, I.; Santos-Figueroa, G.; Stokes, M. Dale; Deane, Grant B.; Mayol-Bracero, O. L.; Grassian, Vicki H.; Bertram, Timothy H.; Bertram, A. K.; Moffett, Bruce F.; Franc, G. D.

doi:10.1073/pnas.1514034112

Cited by 366 publications

(556 citation statements)

References 72 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

492

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Ice nucleation measurements exhibited an elevation in INPs of up to 50 times that of prebloom levels during the peaks of multiple microbial blooms, which was attributed to changes in SSA chemical composition. 39 This study confirmed that INPs are in fact produced in SSA, suggesting significant implications for precipitation and radiative forcing in remote marine regions. 39 Additionally, molecular dynamics simulations of ocean relevant fatty acids have shown that organic ordering can occur at the air−water interface in forms potentially favoring ice formation (Figure 3e).…”

Section: Accounts Of Chemical Researchsupporting

confidence: 74%

Sea Spray Aerosol: The Chemical Link between the Oceans, Atmosphere, and Climate

et al. 2017

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The oceans, atmosphere, and clouds are all interconnected through the release and deposition of chemical species, which provide critical feedback in controlling the composition of our atmosphere and climate. To better understand the couplings between the ocean and atmosphere, it is critical to improve our understanding of the processes that control sea spray aerosol (SSA) composition and which ones plays the dominate role in regulating atmospheric chemistry and climate.

show abstract

Section: Accounts Of Chemical Researchsupporting

confidence: 74%

Sea Spray Aerosol: The Chemical Link between the Oceans, Atmosphere, and Climate

et al. 2017

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Biomass burning can act as an INP source (47); less clear at present is the extent to which anthropogenic emissions serve as INP. Global aerosol model simulations of marine organic particle emissions, in combination with measurements isolating INP from within the sea surface microlayer, suggest that marine organic material may be an important source of INP in remote marine ocean environments (48)(49)(50). Overall, increases in aerosol number concentration are predicted to generate deeper convective, mixed-phase clouds (51,52).…”

Section: Ice and Mixed-phase Cloudsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving our fundamental understanding of the role of aerosol−cloud interactions in the climate system

Seinfeld

Bretherton

Carslaw

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

Self Cite

544

450

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The effect of an increase in atmospheric aerosol concentrations on the distribution and radiative properties of Earth's clouds is the most uncertain component of the overall global radiative forcing from preindustrial time. General circulation models (GCMs) are the tool for predicting future climate, but the treatment of aerosols, clouds, and aerosol−cloud radiative effects carries large uncertainties that directly affect GCM predictions, such as climate sensitivity. Predictions are hampered by the large range of scales of interaction between various components that need to be captured. Observation systems (remote sensing, in situ) are increasingly being used to constrain predictions, but significant challenges exist, to some extent because of the large range of scales and the fact that the various measuring systems tend to address different scales. Fine-scale models represent clouds, aerosols, and aerosol−cloud interactions with high fidelity but do not include interactions with the larger scale and are therefore limited from a climatic point of view. We suggest strategies for improving estimates of aerosol−cloud relationships in climate models, for new remote sensing and in situ measurements, and for quantifying and reducing model uncertainty.climate | aerosol−cloud effects | general circulation models | radiative forcing | satellite observations Clouds play a key role in Earth's radiation budget, and aerosols serve as the seeds upon which cloud droplets form. Anthropogenic activity has led to an increase in aerosol particle concentrations globally and an increase in those particles that act as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and ice nucleating particles (INP). The effect of an increase in aerosols on cloud optical properties, and associated radiative forcing, is the most uncertain component of historical radiative forcing of Earth's climate caused by greenhouse gases (GHGs) and aerosols. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) AR5 assessment of climate forcing factors (Fig. S1) ascribes "high" confidence to the estimate of direct aerosol radiative forcing (mean

show abstract

“…Field and laboratory studies have shown that the seasurface microlayer and bulk seawater contain INPs and that these INPs can be emitted to the atmosphere by the bubblebursting mechanism (Alpert et al" 2011a, b;Blanchard, 1964;DeMott et al, 2015;Fahlgren et al, 2015;Fall and Schnell, 1985;Knopf and Forrester, 2011;Prather et al, 2013;Rosinski et al, 1988;Schnell, 1977;Vali, 1975, 1976;Vali et al, 1976;Wang et al, 2015;Wilson et al, 2015). The sea-surface microlayer (herein referred to as the microlayer) is the interface between the ocean and the atmosphere.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ice-nucleating particles in Canadian Arctic sea-surface microlayer and bulk seawater

et al. 2017

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. The sea-surface microlayer and bulk seawater can contain ice-nucleating particles (INPs) and these INPs can be emitted into the atmosphere. Our current understanding of the properties, concentrations, and spatial and temporal distributions of INPs in the microlayer and bulk seawater is limited. In this study we investigate the concentrations and properties of INPs in microlayer and bulk seawater samples collected in the Canadian Arctic during the summer of 2014. INPs were ubiquitous in the microlayer and bulk seawater with freezing temperatures in the immersion mode as high as −14 • C. A strong negative correlation (R = −0.7, p = 0.02) was observed between salinity and freezing temperatures (after correction for freezing depression by the salts). One possible explanation is that INPs were associated with melting sea ice. Heat and filtration treatments of the samples show that the INPs were likely heat-labile biological materials with sizes between 0.02 and 0.2 µm in diameter, consistent with previous measurements off the coast of North America and near Greenland in the Arctic. The concentrations of INPs in the microlayer and bulk seawater were consistent with previous measurements at several other locations off the coast of North America. However, our average microlayer concentration was lower than previous observations made near Greenland in the Arctic. This difference could not be explained by chlorophyll a concentrations derived from satellite measurements. In addition, previous studies found significant INP enrichment in the microlayer, relative to bulk seawater, which we did not observe in this study. While further studies are needed to understand these differences, we confirm that there is a source of INP in the microlayer and bulk seawater in the Canadian Arctic that may be important for atmospheric INP concentrations.

show abstract

Sea spray aerosol as a unique source of ice nucleating particles

Cited by 366 publications

References 72 publications

Sea Spray Aerosol: The Chemical Link between the Oceans, Atmosphere, and Climate

Sea Spray Aerosol: The Chemical Link between the Oceans, Atmosphere, and Climate

Improving our fundamental understanding of the role of aerosol−cloud interactions in the climate system

Ice-nucleating particles in Canadian Arctic sea-surface microlayer and bulk seawater

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About