Sea Sand-Derived Magnesium Silicide as a Reactive Precursor for Silicon-Based Composite Electrodes of Lithium-Ion Battery

Ahn, Jihoon; Lee, Dae-Hyeok; Kang, Min Seok; Lee, Kyung-Jae; Lee, Jin-Kyu; Sung, Yung‐Eun; Yoo, Won Cheol

doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2017.05.164

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…The selection of precursor with special composition, structure and morphology could help to prepare various nano-structured Si materials. In general, there are several kinds of SiO 2 precursors, including the synthetic SiO 2 from TEOS (tetraethoxysilane) (Zhou et al, 2016;Chen et al, 2018bChen et al, ,c, 2019, biological origin silica (Liu et al, 2015;Sola-Rabada et al, 2018;Yu et al, 2018;Zhao et al, 2019), silica from sand (Ahn et al, 2017;Furquan et al, 2018), and natural clay minerals (Zhou et al, 2016;Chen et al, 2018bChen et al, ,c, 2019. In 1968, W. Stöber (Stöber et al, 1968) proposed a controllable growth of spherical SiO 2 particles by hydrolysis of TEOS and the following condensation of silicic acid, as shown in Figure 4A.…”

Section: The Influence Of Reaction Precursorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, SiO 2 from sand are always in a broader size distribution and irregular in morphology, resulting in the agglomeration in final Si products. Researchers (Ahn et al, 2017) reused the Mg 2 Si in products to reduce SiO 2 for a higher reduction conversion rate. Besides, waste glass fibers, glass bottles have all been proved to be successful precursors in Si preparation (Li et al, 2017;Kang et al, 2020).…”

Section: The Influence Of Reaction Precursorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It can be seen in Figure 8C that the Si/C composites exhibited the preferable capacity of 1,000 mAh g −1 after 1,000 cycles at 2 A g −1 . Ahn et al (2017) also conducted MTR on seasand and then prepared Si/C composites with various carbon/Si ratios. After carbon coating, higher cyclic capacity was achieved due to the improved structural stability.…”

Section: Interface Modification On the Reduced Silicon From Magnesiotmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanisms and Product Options of Magnesiothermic Reduction of Silica to Silicon for Lithium-Ion Battery Applications

Tan

Jiang

2021

Front. Energy Res.

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Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have been one of the most predominant rechargeable power sources due to their high energy/power density and long cycle life. As one of the most promising candidates for the new generation negative electrode materials in LIBs, silicon has the advantages of high specific capacity, a lithiation potential range close to that of lithium deposition, and rich abundance in the earth’s crust. However, the commercial use of silicon in LIBs is still limited by the short cycle life and poor rate performance due to the severe volume change during Li++ insertion/extraction, as well as the unsatisfactory conduction of electron and Li+ through silicon matrix. Therefore, many efforts have been made to control and stabilize the structures of silicon. Magnesiothermic reduction has been extensively demonstrated as a promising process for making porous silicon with micro- or nanosized structures for better electrochemical performance in LIBs. This article provides a brief but critical overview of magnesiothermic reduction under various conditions in several aspects, including the thermodynamics and mechanism of the reaction, the influences of the precursor and reaction conditions on the dynamics of the reduction, and the interface control and its effect on the morphology as well as the final performance of the silicon. These outcomes will bring about a clearer vision and better understanding on the production of silicon by magnesiothermic reduction for LIBs application.

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Section: The Influence Of Reaction Precursorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Influence Of Reaction Precursorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Interface Modification On the Reduced Silicon From Magnesiotmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanisms and Product Options of Magnesiothermic Reduction of Silica to Silicon for Lithium-Ion Battery Applications

Tan

Jiang

2021

Front. Energy Res.

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“…Such composites show better electrochemical performances compared with commercially used anode materials. [ 45 ]…”

Section: Natural Sources For Silicon Nanostructurementioning

confidence: 99%

When Silicon Materials Meet Natural Sources: Opportunities and Challenges for Low‐Cost Lithium Storage

Rehman

Wang

Manj

et al. 2019

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The manipulation of progressive lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) with high energy density, low cost, and long‐term cycling stability is of high priority to meet the growing demands for next‐generation energy storage devices. Silicon (Si) has been receiving marvelous attention as a promising anode material for rechargeable LIBs, due to its high theoretical gravimetric capacity and low cost. Si is the second most abundant element in the earth crust in the form of silicates, so it is the most cost‐effective element as an anode material in next‐generation LIBs. In this review, different natural sources such as rice husk, sugar cane bagasse, bamboo, reed plant, sand, halloysite, and different waste sources such as waste of the solar power industry, fly ash, straw ash, and other industrial waste that can give rise to different nanostructured Si are systematically summarized. In addition, different synthesis methods of fabricating nanostructured Si are reviewed as well as including magnesiothermic reduction, etching methods, ball milling, and chemical vapor deposition. The advantages and disadvantages of these kind of synthesis methods are discussed as well. Furthermore, the opportunities and challenges of nano‐Si are also discussed.

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“…Magnesiothermic reduction of silica (SiO 2 ) is a regular route to prepare porous Si. − In the synthesis process, a magnesium silicide (Mg 2 Si) intermediate is in situ formed and further reacts with the remaining SiO 2 to generate Si and MgO. , As we know, SiO 2 is thermodynamically stable, and it suggests that Mg 2 Si possesses sufficiently high reactivity to reduce highly stable oxides. The Ahn group reported that Mg 2 Si readily reacts with solid oxides such as SiO 2 , GeO 2 , and SnO 2 to prepare Si, Si/Ge, and Si/Sn composites . Inspired by these reactions, it is initially expected that the reaction between Mg 2 Si and CO 2 would result in a Si/C composite; however, it was revealed to be insufficient due to the gaseous nature of CO 2 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Situ Synthesis of a Si/CNTs/C Composite by Directly Reacting Magnesium Silicide with Lithium Carbonate for Enhanced Lithium Storage Capability

Bian

et al. 2021

Energy Fuels

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Silicon is considered as an ideal anode material for the next generation of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) owing to its high specific capacity, low lithiation potential, and high natural abundance. However, its potential application is greatly restricted by poor electrical conductivity and large volume expansion during lithiation/delithiation processes. Herein, a novel solid-state reaction route is developed to synthesize a silicon/carbon nanotubes/carbon (Si/CNTs/C) composite by directly reacting magnesium silicide (Mg 2 Si) with lithium carbonate (Li 2 CO 3 ). This method realizes synchronous formation of Si, CNTs, and amorphous carbon with a good interfacial configuration. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) reveals that MgO may be responsible for the in situ growth of CNTs during the chemical reaction process. The crystalline Si particles are encapsulated by CNTs and the amorphous carbon matrix, which not only accommodates the volume expansion of Si but also enhances the integral electronic conductivity. Consequently, the Si/CNTs/C composite exhibits a high reversible capacity (702 mA h g −1 at 0.2 A g −1 ), excellent rate performance (420 mA h g −1 at 5 A g −1 ), and long cycling life (over 1500 cycles) when used as an anode for LIBs. Notably, this research might provide a new strategy for large-scale synthesis and utilization of Si/C composites in high-performance LIBs.

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Sea Sand-Derived Magnesium Silicide as a Reactive Precursor for Silicon-Based Composite Electrodes of Lithium-Ion Battery

Cited by 14 publications

References 59 publications

Mechanisms and Product Options of Magnesiothermic Reduction of Silica to Silicon for Lithium-Ion Battery Applications

Mechanisms and Product Options of Magnesiothermic Reduction of Silica to Silicon for Lithium-Ion Battery Applications

When Silicon Materials Meet Natural Sources: Opportunities and Challenges for Low‐Cost Lithium Storage

In Situ Synthesis of a Si/CNTs/C Composite by Directly Reacting Magnesium Silicide with Lithium Carbonate for Enhanced Lithium Storage Capability

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