Sea‐Nine™ 211 (4,5‐dichloro‐2‐(n‐octyl)‐3(2H)‐isothiazolone) is a Potent Stimulator of Eicosanoid Biosynthesis in the Sea Squirt,<i>Ciona intestinalis</i>(L.)

Knight, John; Rowley, Andrew F.; Clare, Anthony S.

doi:10.1080/08927019909378412

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…In a recent study of Glacilaria chilensis , the release of the hydroxide upon wounding of the algal tissue was also observed (Lion et al ). Knight et al () suggested that 8‐HEPE may exert antifouling activity of sea squirt. And regulation of egg hatching in the barnacle, Semibalanus balanoides , has been attributed to 8‐HEPE.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flg22‐triggered oxylipin production in Pyropia haitanensis

Yang

et al. 2017

Phycological Research

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A variety of different symbiotic microbial communities are harbored on the surface of seaweeds, the interactions of which depend upon nutritional exchanges between the microbes and the hosts. Metabolomic profiling is able to provide a comprehensive and unbiased snapshot of the metabolites associated with seaweed-microbe interactions. In this study, the relationships between phycosphere bacteria and the red alga Pyropia haitanensis were investigated on a metabolomic basis using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and the pathways of the interactions between the seaweed and its associated phycospheric microbes were revealed. Bacillus sp. WPySW2, one bacterial species isolated from the phycosphere of Pyropia species, had a significant influence on the metabolomic profile of the algae. Some of the intracel-lular metabolites such as phenylalanine, leucine, isoleucine, valine, proline, tyrosine, threonine, octadecanoic acid, hexadecanoic acid, and citric acid were downregulated in the thalli of P. haitanensis when it was co-cultured with Bacillus sp. WPySW2, while several special metabolites including melibiose, serine, glycerol-3-phosphate, galactosylglycerol, and alanine were upregulated. The results demonstrated that P. haitanensis grew better when it was co-cultured with Bacillus sp. WPySW2 at 20 °C. In conclusion, several main intracellular metabolites were downregulated and upregulat-ed, which might have facilitated bacterial colonization.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flg22‐triggered oxylipin production in Pyropia haitanensis

Yang

et al. 2017

Phycological Research

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“…These types of immunosuppressive effects can be caused by disturbances in the mitochondrial respiratory chains, sudden increases in intracellular Ca 2+ concentrations, cell apoptosis due to severe oxidative stress, disorganized cytoskeletal components, and hindered phagocytic activity. Sea-Nine 211 may also exert its action through inducing the synthesis of ascidian eicosanoids involved in the settlement of invertebrate larvae (Knight et al 1999).…”

Section: Lethal Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Mini-review: Molecular mechanisms of antifouling compounds

2013

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Various antifouling (AF) coatings have been developed to protect submerged surfaces by deterring the settlement of the colonizing stages of fouling organisms. A review of the literature shows that effective AF compounds with specific targets are ones often considered non-toxic. Such compounds act variously on ion channels, quorum sensing systems, neurotransmitters, production/release of adhesive, and specific enzymes that regulate energy production or primary metabolism. In contrast, AF compounds with general targets may or may not act through toxic mechanisms. These compounds affect a variety of biological activities including algal photosynthesis, energy production, stress responses, genotoxic damage, immunosuppressed protein expression, oxidation, neurotransmission, surface chemistry, the formation of biofilms, and adhesive production/release. Among all the targets, adhesive production/release is the most common, possibly due to a more extensive research effort in this area. Overall, the specific molecular targets and the molecular mechanisms of most AF compounds have not been identified. Thus, the information available is insufficient to draw firm conclusions about the types of molecular targets to be used as sensitive biomarkers for future design and screening of compounds with AF potential. In this review, the relevant advantages and disadvantages of the molecular tools available for studying the molecular targets of AF compounds are highlighted briefly and the molecular mechanisms of the AF compounds, which are largely a source of speculation in the literature, are discussed.

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Organotin antifouling paints and their alternatives

Omae¹

2003

Applied Organom Chemis

291

130

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Tributyltin and triphenyltin compounds have excellent biocidal properties and almost all vessels in the world have used these paints since early in the 1960s. Contrary to expectation, as shown by experimental data at the beginning of organotin chemistry, triorganotins are exceptionally stable in the sediment or in dark places in the deep sea. Since triorganotins do not decompose rapidly in seawater, many incidences of deformities in some shellfish have been linked to their presence, even when present at extremely low concentrations. Alternative tin‐free antifoulants containing other biocides, such as copper compounds and organic compounds, have been developed and used since the late 1980s. Some nations have already banned the use of organotin antifouling compounds for small vessels, and in 2001 the International Maritime Organization decided to ban completely the use of the organotin compounds from the year 2003. Therefore, it is necessary to find economically and environmentally better biocidal substances as soon as possible. Moreover, the development of antifoulants containing environmentally safe natural products, fouling release coatings, electroconductive coatings, etc. have long been anticipated from the new point of conservation of the world marine environment. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Sea‐Nine™ 211 (4,5‐dichloro‐2‐(n‐octyl)‐3(2H)‐isothiazolone) is a Potent Stimulator of Eicosanoid Biosynthesis in the Sea Squirt,Ciona intestinalis(L.)

Cited by 6 publications

References 16 publications

Flg22‐triggered oxylipin production in Pyropia haitanensis

Flg22‐triggered oxylipin production in Pyropia haitanensis

Mini-review: Molecular mechanisms of antifouling compounds

Organotin antifouling paints and their alternatives

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