Sea level characteristics and extremes along Alexandria coastal zone

Hendy, Dina M.; El-Geziry, Tarek M.; Raey, Mohamed El; Nasr, S.

doi:10.1007/s12517-021-06863-4

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Coastal flooding will occur with increasing frequency. Thus, urban coastal structures are at considerable risk (Hendy et al 2021). In absolute terms, Alexandria, Port Said and Edku have the largest built-up areas susceptible to inundation by sea-level rise (Abdrabo and Hassaan 2015).…”

Section: Coastal Nile Delta At Risk Because Of Sea-level Rise and Urb...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Acknowledgments

2022

Middle Eastern Cities in a Time of Climate Crisis

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Borghesi, Simone, and Elisa Ticci. 2019. 'Climate Change in the MENA Region: Environmental Risks, Socioeconomic Effects and Policy Challenges for the Future'. IEMed Mediterranean Yearbook 2019. https://www.iemed. org/publication/climate-change-in-the-mena-region-environmental-riskssocioeconomic-effects-and-policy-challenges-for-the-future/. Brandi, Clara. 2021. Managing urbanization -a global and just approach. Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung. https://library.fes.de/pdf-files/iez/18557.pdf. CAPMAS (Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics). 2016. 'Sustainable Development Strategy (SDS): Egypt Vision 2030'. Arab Development Portal. https://arabdevelopmentportal.com/publication/sust ainable-development-strategy-sds-egypt-vision-2030. Deboulet, Agnès, Butin Cyprien and Jeanne Demoulin. 2016. 'The role of metropolitan areas within the agenda of local and regional governments for the 21 st century'. UCLG/CGLU. https://www.gold.uclg.org/sites/default/files/ LAVUE_EN.pdf. Denis, Éric. 2007. Villes et urbanisation des provinces égyptiennes. Vers l' écouménopolis?, Paris: Karthala-CEDEJ. EIPR (Egyptian Initiative for Personal Rights). ‫األشــجار.2202‬ ‫األخــر:‬ ‫يــزول‬ ‫ال‬ ‫حتــى‬ ‫ـي‬ ‫البيئـ‬ ‫ـة‬ ‫العدالـ‬ ‫ـور‬ ‫منظـ‬ ‫ـن‬ ‫مـ‬ ‫ـر‬ ‫مـ‬ ‫ـدن‬ ‫مـ‬ ‫يف‬ ‫ـق‬ ‫والحدائـ‬ [So that the green does not disappear: * David Sims is an independent economist and urban planner. 1. The total capacity of installed wind and solar power plants in 2019-2020 was 3,016 MW, which represents a 340 per cent increase from 2015-2016. 34 DAVID SIMS REFERENCES Abbass, Rana A., Prashant Kumar, and Ahmed El-Gendy. 2021. 'Emissions Control Scenarios for Transport in Greater Cairo'. Toxics 9, no. 11 (November): 285. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8621196/. OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development). 2018.

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Section: Coastal Nile Delta At Risk Because Of Sea-level Rise and Urb...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Acknowledgments

2022

Middle Eastern Cities in a Time of Climate Crisis

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“…[43] reported a positive SLR of 3.51 ± 0.62 mm/yr in the Southern Levantine region from 1993-2015, significantly higher than the global average of 3.19 ± 0.63 mm/yr. During the last three decades, the MSL at Alexandria (where Qaitbay citadel is located) has increased by 8.09 cm, giving an SLR rate of 2.45 mm/yr [44]. In contrast, the relative SLR has been 3.1 mm/y for the previous two decades, 2001-2020 [45].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing Coastal Heritage Sustainability: Crustal Deformation and Sea-Level Trends at the Qaitbay Citadel in Alexandria, Egypt

Abdelaal,

Bao,

Saleh

et al. 2024

IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Observations Remote Sensing

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The UNESCO Agenda 2030 emphasizes the preservation of cultural heritage sites, focusing on coastal heritage preservation, which still poses substantial difficulties. While earlier studies have addressed the overall consequences of natural hazards along the Alexandria coastline, there's a gap in how they specifically affect coastal heritage sites, e.g., the Qaitbay citadel (our case study). This work seeks to bridge this gap by assessing the critical hazards faced by the Qaitbay citadel, including crustal deformation due to tectonic events, earthquakes, and Sea Level Rise (SLR) resulting from climate change. To comprehensively assess these challenges, a stack of Sentinel-1 SAR datasets (2017-2021) was processed using the Persistent Scatterer InSAR (PS-InSAR) technique to conduct spatial and temporal deformation variations of the citadel's site and its buildings. GPS measurements of Alexandria's (e.g., ALX2) station were correlated with InSAR results within the same period. Furthermore, satellite altimetry data from 1993-2021 covering the citadel and surroundings were processed to highlight longterm SLR trends. The findings indicate (1) A subsidence rate of -1 ± 0.2 mm/yr, associated with the citadel's foundational structures and identified through the PS-InSAR analysis, was caused by load-bearing effects and sand migration beneath the citadel, (2) a vertical displacement of -1.3±0.6 mm/yr obtained from ALX2-GPS station, consistent with the LOS velocity rate of PS-InSAR time series analysis at that specific location, (3) a SLR trend of +3.96 mm/yr, with notable peaks potentially related to episodes of Northern Ionian Gyre reversal, that could result in changes in water mass redistribution in the surrounding region.

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Criteria of sea level, return periods, and design risk factor in Port Said Harbor (Egypt)

El-Geziry

El-Wakeel

2023

Arab J Geosci

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This work delivers comprehensive information on the statistical metrics of sea level in Port Said Harbor, which can be used for the mitigation plans and protection measures in its vicinity. The study used hourly sea level data extended over 10 years from January 2002 to December 2011. A comprehensive descriptive statistical analysis of sea level monthly variations was introduced. The T_Tide package was used to obtain the astronomical constituents, which are in turn used to calculate the form factor to specify the tidal cycle in the Harbor, and to obtain the main water level characteristics. The meteorological factor was calculated by subtracting the tidal elevation from the recorded sea level. The impact of the meteorological factors on the observed sea level fluctuations was more obvious in winter than in summer. The effect of the meteorological conditions on the observed possible largest sea level range was $${~}^{1}\!\left/ \!{~}_{3}\right.$$ 1 3 that of the tidal impact. No extreme sea level year, considered when the annual mean deviates from the regression line by more than twice the standard deviation, appeared during the decade of investigation. The return periods and the design lifetime risk were calculated. The highest probabilities of occurrence were concentrated in the levels between 70 and 80 cm, while the lowest were below 5 cm and above 110 cm. The return periods for all water levels ranged between 0.4 and 4.5 years. The coastal structures in the vicinity of the Harbor may have a short lifetime of only 50 years for its most pronounced level (75 cm). It is recommended to consider the present results upon designing mitigation plans and constructions within Port Said Harbor territory.

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Sea level characteristics and extremes along Alexandria coastal zone

Cited by 6 publications

References 17 publications

Acknowledgments

Acknowledgments

Assessing Coastal Heritage Sustainability: Crustal Deformation and Sea-Level Trends at the Qaitbay Citadel in Alexandria, Egypt

Criteria of sea level, return periods, and design risk factor in Port Said Harbor (Egypt)

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