Sea Fog around the Korean Peninsula

Cho, Yang‐Ki; Kim, Moon-Ouk; Kim, Byung-Choon

doi:10.1175/1520-0450(2000)039<2473:sfatkp>2.0.co;2

Cited by 104 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…According to the Kohler curve (Köhler, 1936), the haze aerosols can be transformed to fog droplets under certain meteorological conditions. The classification is usually done based on values of the visibility range (Cho et al, 2000;Tardif and Rasmussen, 2007;Elias et al, 2009). The international definition of a fog event is an observed horizontal visibility below 1000 m in the presence of suspended water droplets and/or ice crystals (NOAA, 1995).…”

Section: Data Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying the relationship between PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentration, visibility and planetary boundary layer height for long-lasting haze and fog–haze mixed events in Beijing

et al. 2018

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Abstract. Air quality and visibility are strongly influenced by aerosol loading, which is driven by meteorological conditions. The quantification of their relationships is critical to understanding the physical and chemical processes and forecasting of the polluted events. We investigated and quantified the relationship between PM 2.5 (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter is 2.5 µm and less) mass concentration, visibility and planetary boundary layer (PBL) height in this study based on the data obtained from four long-lasting haze events and seven fog-haze mixed events from January 2014 to March 2015 in Beijing. The statistical results show that there was a negative exponential function between the visibility and the PM 2.5 mass concentration for both haze and fog-haze mixed events (with the same R 2 of 0.80). However, the fog-haze events caused a more obvious decrease of visibility than that for haze events due to the formation of fog droplets that could induce higher light extinction. The PM 2.5 concentration had an inversely linear correlation with PBL height for haze events and a negative exponential correlation for fog-haze mixed events, indicating that the PM 2.5 concentration is more sensitive to PBL height in fog-haze mixed events. The visibility had positively linear correlation with the PBL height with an R 2 of 0.35 in haze events and positive exponential correlation with an R 2 of 0.56 in foghaze mixed events. We also investigated the physical mechanism responsible for these relationships between visibility, PM 2.5 concentration and PBL height through typical haze and fog-haze mixed event and found that a double inversion layer formed in both typical events and played critical roles in maintaining and enhancing the long-lasting polluted events. The variations of the double inversion layers were closely associated with the processes of long-wave radiation cooling in the nighttime and short-wave solar radiation reduction in the daytime. The upper-level stable inversion layer was formed by the persistent warm and humid southwestern airflow, while the low-level inversion layer was initially produced by the surface long-wave radiation cooling in the nighttime and maintained by the reduction of surface solar radiation in the daytime. The obvious descending process of the upper-level inversion layer induced by the radiation process could be responsible for the enhancement of the lowlevel inversion layer and the lowering PBL height, as well as high aerosol loading for these polluted events. The reduction of surface solar radiation in the daytime could be around 35 % for the haze event and 94 % for the fog-haze mixed event. Therefore, the formation and subsequent descending processes of the upper-level inversion layer should be an important factor in maintaining and strengthening the longlasting severe polluted events, which has not been revealed in previous publications. The interactions and feedbacks between PM 2.5 concentration and PBL height linked by radiation process caused a more significant an...

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Section: Data Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying the relationship between PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentration, visibility and planetary boundary layer height for long-lasting haze and fog–haze mixed events in Beijing

et al. 2018

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“…CC BY 4.0 License. the surrounding air (Roach et al, 1995;Cho et al, 2000), leading to high RH in the MBL and subsequent prevention of NPF occurrence. During the summer campaign, NPF events were rarely observed.…”

Section: Occurrence Of Npf Events In Marine Atmospherementioning

confidence: 99%

New particle formation in marine atmosphere during seven cruise campaigns

Zhu

Shen

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Abstract. To study the particle number concentration, size distribution and new particle formation (NPF) events in marine atmosphere, we made measurements during six cruise campaigns over the marginal seas of China in 2011-2016 and one 10 campaign from the marginal seas to the Northwest Pacific Ocean (NWPO) in 2014. We observed relatively frequent NPF events in the atmosphere over the marginal seas of China, i.e., 23 out of 126 observational days with the highest occurrence frequency in fall, followed by spring and summer. 22 out of 23 NPF events were analyzed to be associated with the long-range transport of continental pollutants based on 24-hr air mass back trajectories and the pre-existing particle number concentrations largely exceeding the clean marine background, leaving one much weaker NPF event to be likely induced by oceanic precursors 15 alone and supported by multiple independent evidences. Although the long-range transport signal of continental pollutants can be clearly observed in the remote marine atmosphere over the NWPO, NPF events were observed only in 2 days out of 36 days. The nucleation mode particles (<30 nm), however, accounted for as high as 40%13% of the total particle number concentration during the NWPO cruise campaign, implying that there were many undetected NPF events in the sea-level atmosphere or above. 20To better characterize NPF events, we introduced a term, i.e., the net maximum increase in nucleation mode particles number concentration (NMINP) and correlated it with formation rate of new particles (FR). We found a moderately good linear correlation between NMINP and FR at FR 8 cm -3 s -1 , but there was no correlation at FR >8 cm -3 s -1. The possible mechanisms were argued in terms of roles of different vapor precursors. We also found a ceiling existing for the growth of new particles from 10 nm to larger size in most of NPF events. We thereby introduce a term, i.e., the maximum geometric 25 median diameter of new particles (Dpgmax) and correlate it with the growth rate of new particles (GR). A moderately good linear correlation was also obtained between Dpgmax and GR, and only GR larger than 7.9 nm h -1 can lead to new particles growing with Dpgmax beyond 50 nm. Combining simultaneous measurements of the particle number size distributions and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) at different super saturations (SS), we indeed observed a clear increase in CCN when the Dpg of new particles exceeded 50 nm at SS=0.4%. However, it was not the case for SS=0.2%. Consistent with previous studies in 30 continental atmosphere, our results implied that 50 nm can be used as the threshold for new particles to be activated as CCN in the marine atmosphere. Moreover, the κ decreased from 0.4 to 0.1 during the growth period of new particles, implying that Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi

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“…The correlation between seawater temperature in winter and the density of the bivalve Macoma balthica during the following August in the Wadden Sea was demonstrated by Beukema et al [1998]. The meteorological significance of seawater temperature on the west coast of Korea has also been reported by Cho et al [2000].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Effect of tidal flat on seawater temperature variation in the southwest coast of Korea

Kim

Cho

You³

et al. 2010

J. Geophys. Res.

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[1] The seawater temperature observed near macrotidal flats demonstrates distinguished semidiurnal variations. The range of seawater temperature variations was approximately 2-4°C during a clear day in spring. The seawater temperature increased during flood tides but decreased during ebb tides in spring and summer, while the opposite occurred in autumn and winter. A model was developed to evaluate the effect of the tidal flat on changes in the seawater temperature. The seawater temperature, calculated using this model, was verified with observed seawater temperatures. The heat of seawater in shallow zones changed more than 581 J m

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Sea Fog around the Korean Peninsula

Cited by 104 publications

References 3 publications

Quantifying the relationship between PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentration, visibility and planetary boundary layer height for long-lasting haze and fog–haze mixed events in Beijing

Quantifying the relationship between PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentration, visibility and planetary boundary layer height for long-lasting haze and fog–haze mixed events in Beijing

New particle formation in marine atmosphere during seven cruise campaigns

Effect of tidal flat on seawater temperature variation in the southwest coast of Korea

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Sea Fog around the Korean Peninsula

Cited by 104 publications

References 3 publications

Quantifying the relationship between PM&lt;sub&gt;2.5&lt;/sub&gt; concentration, visibility and planetary boundary layer height for long-lasting haze and fog–haze mixed events in Beijing

Quantifying the relationship between PM&lt;sub&gt;2.5&lt;/sub&gt; concentration, visibility and planetary boundary layer height for long-lasting haze and fog–haze mixed events in Beijing

New particle formation in marine atmosphere during seven cruise campaigns

Effect of tidal flat on seawater temperature variation in the southwest coast of Korea

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Quantifying the relationship between PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentration, visibility and planetary boundary layer height for long-lasting haze and fog–haze mixed events in Beijing

Quantifying the relationship between PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentration, visibility and planetary boundary layer height for long-lasting haze and fog–haze mixed events in Beijing