Sea cucumber Holothuria polii (Delle Chiaje, 1823) as new model for embryo bioassays in ecotoxicological studies

Morroni, Lorenzo; Rakaj, Arnold; Grosso, Luca; Fianchini, Alessandra; Pellegrini, David; Regoli, Francesco

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124819

Cited by 18 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Another primary aspect to investigate during monitoring campaigns is the presence of organisms with a key role in benthic communities. Research on target species, such as herbivorous, depositfeeders or filter-feeders, is critical for the development of conservation and management measures of coastal areas since they play a vital role in the sea floor dynamics (Boncagni et al, 2019;Morroni et al, 2020;Grosso et al, 2022;Pensa et al, 2022). When the research is focused on benthic organisms living in shallow rocky-bottom areas, data collection through SCUBA diving and snorkelling has traditionally been the most widely chosen method.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although coastal areas cover only 10% of the earth's surface area, they host over 60% of the world's population and drive the growth of fisheries, infrastructure development and tourism, resulting in additional pressure on natural coastal ecosystems (Parravicini et al, 2012). Over half of the world's coastal ecosystems can be considered under "moderate" or "high" threat from human development, implying an increased risk for benthic communities and associated species (Bryant et al, 1995;Dauvin et al, 2012;Morroni et al, 2020;Rakaj et al, 2021). Coastal areas are often composed of habitat mosaics, including terrestrial (above water) and marine (below water) features that play a key role in ecosystem functioning.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Coastal benthic habitat mapping and monitoring by integrating aerial and water surface low-cost drones

et al. 2023

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Accurate data on community structure is a priority issue in studying coastal habitats facing human pressures. The recent development of remote sensing tools has offered a ground-breaking way to collect ecological information at a very fine scale, especially using low-cost aerial photogrammetry. Although coastal mapping is carried out using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs or drones), they can provide limited information regarding underwater benthic habitats. To achieve a precise characterisation of underwater habitat types and species assemblages, new imagery acquisition instruments become necessary to support accurate mapping programmes. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate an integrated approach based on Structure from Motion (SfM) photogrammetric acquisition using low-cost Unmanned Aerial (UAV) and Surface (USV) Vehicles to finely map shallow benthic communities, which determine the high complexity of coastal environments. The photogrammetric outputs, including both UAV-based high (sub-meter) and USV-based ultra-high (sub-centimetre) raster products such as orthophoto mosaics and Digital Surface Models (DSMs), were classified using Object-Based Image Analysis (OBIA) approach. The application of a supervised learning method based on Support Vector Machines (SVM) classification resulted in good overall classification accuracies > 70%, proving to be a practical and feasible tool for analysing both aerial and underwater ultra-high spatial resolution imagery. The detected seabed cover classes included above and below-water key coastal features of ecological interest such as seagrass beds, “banquettes” deposits and hard bottoms. Using USV-based imagery can considerably improve the identification of specific organisms with a critical role in benthic communities, such as photophilous macroalgal beds. We conclude that the integrated use of low-cost unmanned aerial and surface vehicles and GIS processing is an effective strategy for allowing fully remote detailed data on shallow water benthic communities.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coastal benthic habitat mapping and monitoring by integrating aerial and water surface low-cost drones

et al. 2023

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“…Specimens were then transported to the LESA inside 30 L tanks equipped with aerators and dry ice (Rakaj et al, 2018;Rakaj et al, 2019). Once in the lab, the specimens were acclimatized in floating baskets inside 600 L indoor tanks (Morroni et al, 2020). Water temperature was kept at 20 ± 0.5°C (Spirlet et al, 1998), which was the rearing temperature also used during the experiment.…”

Section: Specimen Collection and Maintenancementioning

confidence: 99%

Trophic Requirements of the Sea Urchin Paracentrotus lividus Varies at Different Life Stages: Comprehension of Species Ecology and Implications for Effective Feeding Formulations

et al. 2022

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Investigations on trophic requirements of different life cycle stages of Paracentrotus lividus are crucial for the comprehension of species ecology and for its artificial rearing. The future success of echinoculture depends heavily on the development of suitable and cost-effective diets that are specifically designed to maximize somatic growth during the early life stages and gonadal production in the later stages. In this context, a considerable number of studies have recommended animal sources as supplements in sea urchin diets. However, with the exception of Fernandez and Boudouresque (2000), no studies have investigated the dietary requirements over the different life stages of the sea urchin. In the present study, the growth and nutrition of three life stages of P. lividus (juveniles: 15-25 mm; subadults: 25-35 mm; adults: 45-55 mm) were analyzed over a 4-month rearing experiment. Three experimental diets, with 0%, 20% and 40% of animal sourced enrichments, were tested in parallel in sea urchin three size classes. The food conversion ratio, somatic and gonadal growth were assessed in each condition in order to evaluate the optimal level of animal-sourced supplements for each life stage. A general growth model covering the full post-metamorphic P. lividus life cycle was defined for each condition. During the juvenile stage P. lividus requires higher animal supply (40%), while a feeding requirement shift takes place toward lower animal supply (20%) in sub-adult and adult stages. Our results evidenced that the progressive increase in size after the metamorphosis led to a consequent variation of trophic requirements and food energy allocation in the sea urchin P. lividus. Macronutrient requirements varied widely during the different life stages, in response to changes in the energy allocation from somatic growth to reproductive investment. This study sheds light on P. lividus trophic ecology, broadening our basic knowledge of the dietary requirements of juveniles, sub-adults and adults as a function of their behavior also in the natural environment.

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“…Focusing on invertebrates, it is known that they play an important role as a source of bioactive molecules with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor effects [ 4 , 5 , 40 , 41 , 42 ], and they also represent useful bioindicators for the study of environmental conditions [ 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 ]. Among invertebrates, echinoderms possess peculiar characteristics which make them particularly suitable for applications in the ecotoxicological field, such as their wide distribution, the ease of sampling/maintaining them, the ease of collecting their gametes, their availability throughout the year, their external fertilization mechanism, their rapid development, and their sensitivity to a wide spectrum of pollutants [ 49 ]. Furthermore, their lifecycle stages, such as fertilization and embryonic division, are particularly sensitive to environmental conditions and are therefore increasingly used in the ecotoxicological approach to assess the quality of an environment [ 50 , 51 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Sulfamethoxazole on Fertilization and Embryo Development in the Arbacia lixula Sea Urchin

Lazzara

Mauro

Celi

et al. 2022

Animals

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To date, drugs released into the aquatic environment are a real problem, and among antibiotics, sulfamethoxazole is the one most widely found in wastewater; thus, the evaluation of its toxicity on marine organisms is very important. This study, for the first time, investigates the in vitro effects of 4 concentrations of sulfamethoxazole (0.05 mg/L, 0.5 mg/L, 5 mg/L, 50 mg/L) on the fertilization and development of the sea urchin Arbacia lixula. The gametes were exposed to drugs in three different stages: simultaneously with, prior to, and post-fertilization. The results show a significant reduction in the percentage of fertilized oocytes at the highest drug concentrations. Moreover, an increase in anomalies and delays in embryo development following the treatment with the drug was demonstrated. Therefore, the data suggest that this antibiotic can alter the development of marine organisms, making it urgent to act to reduce their release and to determine the concentration range with the greatest impact.

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Sea cucumber Holothuria polii (Delle Chiaje, 1823) as new model for embryo bioassays in ecotoxicological studies

Cited by 18 publications

References 31 publications

Coastal benthic habitat mapping and monitoring by integrating aerial and water surface low-cost drones

Coastal benthic habitat mapping and monitoring by integrating aerial and water surface low-cost drones

Trophic Requirements of the Sea Urchin Paracentrotus lividus Varies at Different Life Stages: Comprehension of Species Ecology and Implications for Effective Feeding Formulations

Effects of Sulfamethoxazole on Fertilization and Embryo Development in the Arbacia lixula Sea Urchin

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