Sea Carousel—A benthic, annular flume

Amos, Carl L.; Grant, Jon E.; Daborn, Graham R.; Black, Kenny

doi:10.1016/s0272-7714(05)80062-9

Cited by 154 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Historically, the main approaches used to study cohesive sediments are laboratory flumes (van Leussen and Winterwerp, 1990;Schieber et al, 2007;Young and Southard, 1978), in situ flumes (Amos et al, 1992;Young and Southard, 1978), field studies (DeVries, 1992), and modeling (Sanford and Maa, 2001). The primary difficulty in studying erosion of cohesive sediments is the vast number of variables that influence erosion, ranging from grain size to ionic charge and sediment composition (Mehta et al, 1989;Schieber et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Repeated erosion of cohesive sediments with biofilms

2014

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Abstract. This study aims to explore the interplay between biofilms and erodability of cohesive sediments. Erosion experiments were run in four laboratory annular flumes with natural sediments. After each erosion the sediment was allowed to settle, mimicking intermittent physical processes like tidal currents and waves. The time between consecutive erosion events ranged from 1 to 12 days. Turbidity of the water column caused by sediment resuspension was used to determine the erodability of the sediments with respect to small and moderate shear stresses. Erodability was also compared on the basis of the presence of benthic biofilms, which were quantified using a Pulse-Amplitude Modulation (PAM) Underwater Fluorometer. We found that frequent erosion lead to the establishment of a weak biofilm, which reduced sediment erosion at small shear stresses (around 0.1 Pa). If prolonged periods without erosion were present, the biofilm fully established, resulting in lower erosion at moderate shear stresses (around 0.4 Pa). We conclude that an unstructured extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) matrix always affect sediment erodability at low shear stresses, while only a fully developed biofilm mat can reduce sediment erodability at moderate shear stresses.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Repeated erosion of cohesive sediments with biofilms

2014

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“…Among flume tanks, annular flume has been extensively used to investigate various physical, chemical and biological factors which may influence the stability and erodibility of natural cohesive sediments [6][7][8][9][10]. One of the major advantages of annular flume is its fully developed boundary layer above the sediment due to the constant channel geometry and infinite flow length [11], converting the length of straight flume into criterion that satisfies lead-time and long distance during particle flocculation and sedimentation [6]. In addition, annular flume is more suited to investigating the cohesive sediment dynamics, as the flocculated suspensions are not disrupted by re-circulating pumps and filters [12], and this is beneficial to the measurement of SPM characteristics.…”

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confidence: 99%

Remobilization of heavy metals during the resuspension of Liangshui River sediments using an annular flume

Huang

Yang

et al. 2012

Chin. Sci. Bull.

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The release and transport of heavy metals (Ni, Cr, Cu and Pb) from Liangshui River sediments into the overlying water column during the resuspension event were determined using an annular flume with a velocity ranging from 0.15 to 0.35 m/s. It is shown that the suspended particulate matters (SPM) increased as much as nearly 25 times from 165 to 4220 mg/L as the velocity increased. Heavy metals showed an increase in dissolved phase as the velocity increased due to their desorption from the SPM. Acid-soluble heavy metals increased as the velocity increased, indicating that part of the heavy metals transformed from stable phase to labile phase during resuspension. Heavy metal concentrations in the SPM on volume normalization increased by approximately 2-6 times. However, on the mass weighted basis they decreased, approaching the bulk-sediment contents at high velocity, due to the "particle concentration effect". The distribution coefficients (K D ) of heavy metals were higher at slower velocity during the sediment resuspension, which could be attributed to the decrease of fine particles (silt/clay fraction) during resuspension.heavy metals, sediment resuspension, suspended particulate matters, acid-soluble heavy metals, annular flume Citation:Huang J Z, Ge X P, Yang X F, et al. Remobilization of heavy metals during the resuspension of Liangshui River sediments using an annular flume. Chin Sci Bull, 2012, 57: 35673572,

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“…The use of and distinction between erosion Type I and II (Fig. 1) follow the description given by Parchure and Mehta (1985), Amos et al (1992) and Neumeier et al (2007). Net erosion rates (E, mg m À2 s À1 ) were estimated from SSC at the end of the time step with the highest free-stream current velocity within the Type I erosion regime: E ¼ dM/ dt ¼ (SSC end À SSC start )*V/A*Dt, where M is the eroded mass, SSC end is final suspended sediment concentration in the last time step, SSC start is the suspended sediment concentration at the end of the previous time step, V is the flume volume in litres, A is the flume channel basal area (0.06 m 2 ) and Dt is the duration of the last step in seconds.…”

Section: Erosion Threshold and Erosion Ratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of benthic macroinvertebrates on the erodability of estuarine cohesive sediments: Density- and biomass-specific responses

Kristensen

Neto

Lundkvist

et al. 2013

Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science

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Regional index term: Portugal Mondego EstuaryKeywords: erosion threshold erosion rate behaviour macrofauna feeding microphytobenthos biostabilization a b s t r a c tThe impact of three dominating benthic invertebrates on sediment stability and erosion conditions of cohesive sediments in the Mondego Estuary, Portugal, was examined in laboratory annular flume experiments. The purpose was to test how the life habits and body size of the three involved species (Hydrobia ulvae, Nereis diversicolor and Scrobicularia plana) in terms of density or biomass influence sediment erosion. All three species decreased the free-stream erosion threshold (u c ) and increased erosion rate (E), since their feeding activities diminished the surface stabilizing effect of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) produced by microphytobenthos. S. plana had the highest and H. ulvae the lowest impact when related to density (factor of 29 for u c and factor of 19 for E), while H. ulvae was more important than S. plana when related to biomass (factor of 4 for u c and factor of 6 for E). N. diversicolor had intermediate density-specific (4e6 times higher than H. ulvae) and lowest biomass-specific (2e3 times lower than S. plana) effects on erosion. It appears that faunal erosion impacts preferably should be reported in biomass units for comparative purposes because individual behavioural effects of a smallbodied species like H. ulvae functionally can be relatively more important than those of a 100 times heavier S. plana individual. This is clearly evidenced from the strongly diminished response in suspended Chlorophyll-a content in the presence of the former than the latter species, which is caused by an efficient microphytobenthos grazing by H. ulvae. It is also important to emphasize that the total faunal impact on erosion threshold in a certain area is dictated by combination of contributions from individual species. The total outcome is unpredictable and controlled by synergistic and antagonistic speciesspecific effects, species interactions as well as environmental and sediment conditions.

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Sea Carousel—A benthic, annular flume

Cited by 154 publications

References 27 publications

Repeated erosion of cohesive sediments with biofilms

Repeated erosion of cohesive sediments with biofilms

Remobilization of heavy metals during the resuspension of Liangshui River sediments using an annular flume

Influence of benthic macroinvertebrates on the erodability of estuarine cohesive sediments: Density- and biomass-specific responses

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