Sea Bass Side Streams Valorization Assisted by Ultrasound. LC-MS/MS-IT Determination of Mycotoxins and Evaluation of Protein Yield, Molecular Size Distribution and Antioxidant Recovery

Abstract

Sea bass side streams obtained from the fish industry can be a good source of nutrients such as high-quality protein, lipids, and antioxidants. In this context, it is interesting to develop innovative approaches to extract the added-value compounds from fish side streams. In this study, a strategy to obtain valuable compounds and to minimize the presence of toxins from fish side streams assisted by ultrasound technology is presented. For this purpose, ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) conditions have been optimized based on a response surface methodology (RSM) with the dependent variables: time (0.5–30 min), pH (5.5–8.5), and temperature (20–50 °C). After the treatment, protein extraction and antioxidant activity were evaluated in the extracts obtained from sea bass side streams using some spectrophotometric and fluorometric methods. Furthermore, mycotoxin presence was evaluated by LC-MS/MS-QTRAP. The results obtained revealed a high recovery percentage of proteins and antioxidant activity in the UAE extracts, especially those obtained from viscera, when the time and temperature increased to 30 min and 50 °C. Furthermore, none of the analyzed mycotoxins were detected in the sea bass side streams extracts under the studied variables. The experimental values obtained were close to the expected values, confirming the validity of the model employed to establish the optimal UAE conditions.

Role of Extracts Obtained from Rainbow Trout and Sole Side Streams by Accelerated Solvent Extraction and Pulsed Electric Fields on Modulating Bacterial and Anti-Inflammatory Activities

“…The results showed that compared with traditional methods, ultrasound-assisted acid/alkaline isoelectric solubilization precipitation can significantly increase the protein recovery rate from 50-64% to 94%. Similarly, Al-Khawli et al [25] also used ultrasound to assist the extraction of protein from the sea bass side stream. Under ultrasound-assisted treatment, the protein content of the fish side stream extracts was significantly increased, with the highest modifications observed for the viscera samples.…”

Sea Bass Side Streams Extracts Obtained by Pulsed Electric Fields: Nutritional Characterization and Effect on SH-SY5Y Cells

“…The total protein content of the obtained extracts was determined as described by Al Khawli et al [14].…”

“…On the other hand, other techniques have been used for the valorization of sea bass ide streams, obtaining extracts with antioxidant capacity through the application of ultrasoundassisted extraction (UAE) [14] and pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) [15]. Specifically, studies on nutritional value have been carried out.…”

“…Specifically, studies on nutritional value have been carried out. For instance, it has been shown that protein recovery percentages of 7-28% (muscle), 11-40% (heads), 26-99% (viscera), 7-34% (skin), 24-75% (bones), and 10-30% (tails) were obtained after the application of green technologies, such as UAE [14] and PLE [15].…”

Combined effects of ultrasound and slightly acidic electrolyzed water on quality of sea bass (Lateolabrax Japonicus) fillets during refrigerated storage

“…S. Knobloch et al [5] found that the surface microbial community of sea bass could be influenced by close-proximity and continuous ultrasound treatment. The US has an antimicrobial effect on Staphylococcus aureus [6] , Pseudomonas fluorescens [7] , Listeria monocytogenes and other pathogens [8] , which was mainly due to the destruction of cell structure and integrity by ultrasonic cavitation leading to microbial apoptosis [9] , [10] . The recent researches showed that ultrasound in combination with SAEW and other physical processing methods could reduce the number of bacteria efficiently [11] , [12] , [13] .…”