Sdc2 and Tbx16 regulate Fgf2-dependent epithelial cell morphogenesis in the ciliated organ of asymmetry

Arrington, Cammon B.; Peterson, Annita G.; Yost, H. Joseph

doi:10.1242/dev.096933

Cited by 16 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The number of KV cells can be variable among wild-type embryos, but the nature of this variation remains unclear. Previous studies have identified roles for Syndecan 2 (Arrington et al, 2013), and β-catenin, (Zhang et al, 2012), in DFC/KV cell proliferation during somite stages, but regulators of DFC proliferation during epiboly have not been identified. A roadblock to understanding DFC/KV cell proliferation has been the lack of a comprehensive census of the DFC/KV cell population during their development.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The V-ATPase accessory protein Atp6ap1b mediates dorsal forerunner cell proliferation and left–right asymmetry in zebrafish

Gokey

Dasgupta

Amack

2015

Developmental Biology

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Asymmetric fluid flows generated by motile cilia in a transient ‘organ of asymmetry’ are involved in establishing the left-right (LR) body axis during embryonic development. The vacuolar-type H+-ATPase (V-ATPase) proton pump has been identified as an early factor in the LR pathway that functions prior to cilia, but the role(s) for V-ATPase activity are not fully understood. In the zebrafish embryo, the V-ATPase accessory protein Atp6ap1b is maternally supplied and expressed in dorsal forerunner cells (DFCs) that give rise to the ciliated organ of asymmetry called Kupffer’s vesicle (KV). V-ATPase accessory proteins modulate V-ATPase activity, but little is known about their functions in development. We investigated Atp6ap1b and V-ATPase in KV development using morpholinos, mutants and pharmacological inhibitors. Depletion of both maternal and zygotic atp6ap1b expression reduced KV organ size, altered cilia length and disrupted LR patterning of the embryo. Defects in other ciliated structures—neuromasts and olfactory placodes—suggested a broad role for Atp6ap1b during development of ciliated organs. V-ATPase inhibitor treatments reduced KV size and identified a window of development in which V-ATPase activity is required for proper LR asymmetry. Interfering with Atp6ap1b or V-ATPase function reduced the rate of DFC proliferation, which resulted in fewer ciliated cells incorporating into the KV organ. Analyses of pH and subcellular V-ATPase localizations suggested Atp6ap1b functions to localize the V-ATPase to the plasma membrane where it regulates proton flux and cytoplasmic pH. These results uncover a new role for the V-ATPase accessory protein Atp6ap1b in early development to maintain the proliferation rate of precursor cells needed to construct a ciliated KV organ capable of generating LR asymmetry.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The V-ATPase accessory protein Atp6ap1b mediates dorsal forerunner cell proliferation and left–right asymmetry in zebrafish

Gokey

Dasgupta

Amack

2015

Developmental Biology

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“…It is possible that early developmental events generate LR positional information that can be used to guide ciliated cells as they develop into a functional LRO or to completely bypass the requirement for cilia [93,94]. Several connections have been made between molecules involved in early LR events and the development of the LRO: Syndecan 2 [95] and the vacuolar-type H þ -ATPase [88,96,97] are involved in the development of normal LRO morphogenesis and cilia formation in zebrafish, and H þ / K þ -ATPase activity [98] and serotonin [99] are needed for Wnt signalling pathways that control LRO development and ciliogenesis in frog embryos. One outstanding question is whether precursor cells receive laterality cues prior to forming the LRO.…”

Section: (C) Laterality Cues For Cilia?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cilia in vertebrate left–right patterning

Dasgupta

Amack

2016

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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One contribution of 17 to a theme issue 'Provocative questions in left -right asymmetry'. Understanding how left-right (LR) asymmetry is generated in vertebrate embryos is an important problem in developmental biology. In humans, a failure to align the left and right sides of cardiovascular and/or gastrointestinal systems often results in birth defects. Evidence from patients and animal models has implicated cilia in the process of left-right patterning. Here, we review the proposed functions for cilia in establishing LR asymmetry, which include creating transient leftward fluid flows in an embryonic 'left -right organizer'. These flows direct asymmetric activation of a conserved Nodal (TGFb) signalling pathway that guides asymmetric morphogenesis of developing organs. We discuss the leading hypotheses for how cilia-generated asymmetric fluid flows are translated into asymmetric molecular signals. We also discuss emerging mechanisms that control the subcellular positioning of cilia and the cellular architecture of the left-right organizer, both of which are critical for effective cilia function during left-right patterning. Finally, using mosaic cell-labelling and timelapse imaging in the zebrafish embryo, we provide new evidence that precursor cells maintain their relative positions as they give rise to the ciliated left -right organizer. This suggests the possibility that these cells acquire left-right positional information prior to the appearance of cilia.This article is part of the themed issue 'Provocative questions in leftright asymmetry'.

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“…Although Syndecan-2 is presumed to regulate inside-out signaling between adjacent cells, it is also possible that it has a direct effect on intracellular interactions, as phosphorylation of Syndecan-2's intracellular domain on the right side of the embryo is essential for asymmetric gene expression and morphogenesis . In zebrafish, Syndecan-2 has a cell-autonomous role in the dorsal forerunner cells, which are the progenitors of Kupffer's vesicle, the zebrafish LRO (Arrington et al, 2013). Morpholino knockdown of Syndecan-2 prevents the dorsal forerunner cells from coalescing and adhering to one another, resulting in disrupted morphogenesis of Kupffer's vesicle.…”

Section: The Ecm: Force and Movementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Morpholino knockdown of Syndecan-2 prevents the dorsal forerunner cells from coalescing and adhering to one another, resulting in disrupted morphogenesis of Kupffer's vesicle. These fish have cilia defects that impact fluid flow and subsequently exhibit aberrant asymmetric gene expression in the lateral plate mesoderm (Arrington et al, 2013;Chen et al, 2004;). The Syndecan-2 morphants have decreased expression of Tbx16 and Fgf2 in the dorsal forerunner cells, leading to the suggestion that spatially and temporally-regulated patterns of glycosaminoglycan modifications of core ECM proteins may be responsible for cell-type-specific gene expression (Arrington et al, 2013).…”

Section: The Ecm: Force and Movementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These fish have cilia defects that impact fluid flow and subsequently exhibit aberrant asymmetric gene expression in the lateral plate mesoderm (Arrington et al, 2013;Chen et al, 2004;). The Syndecan-2 morphants have decreased expression of Tbx16 and Fgf2 in the dorsal forerunner cells, leading to the suggestion that spatially and temporally-regulated patterns of glycosaminoglycan modifications of core ECM proteins may be responsible for cell-type-specific gene expression (Arrington et al, 2013). Given these data, it is possible that Syndecan-2 has a parallel function in the formation of the gastrocoel roof plate in Xenopus, although this has not yet been tested.…”

Section: The Ecm: Force and Movementmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Are there conserved roles for the extracellular matrix, cilia, and junctional complexes in left‐right patterning?

Collins

Ryan

2014

Genesis

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Summary: Many different types of molecules have essential roles in patterning the left-right axis and directing asymmetric morphogenesis. In particular, the relationship between signaling molecules and transcription factors has been explored extensively. Another group of proteins implicated in left-right patterning are components of the extracellular matrix, apical junctions, and cilia. These structural molecules have the potential to participate in the conversion of morphogenetic cues from the extracellular environment into morphogenetic patterning via their interactions with the actin cytoskeleton. Although it has been relatively easy to temporally position these proteins within the hierarchy of the left-right patterning pathway, it has been more difficult to define how they mechanistically fit into these pathways. Consequently, our understanding of how these factors impart patterning information to influence the establishment of the left-right axis remains limited. In this review, we will discuss those structural molecules that have been implicated in early phases of left-right axis development. genesis 52:488-502,

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Sdc2 and Tbx16 regulate Fgf2-dependent epithelial cell morphogenesis in the ciliated organ of asymmetry

Cited by 16 publications

References 43 publications

The V-ATPase accessory protein Atp6ap1b mediates dorsal forerunner cell proliferation and left–right asymmetry in zebrafish

The V-ATPase accessory protein Atp6ap1b mediates dorsal forerunner cell proliferation and left–right asymmetry in zebrafish

Cilia in vertebrate left–right patterning

Are there conserved roles for the extracellular matrix, cilia, and junctional complexes in left‐right patterning?

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