Scutellaria baicalensis georgi is a promising candidate for the treatment of autoimmune diseases

Abstract

Autoimmune diseases a group of disorders elicited by unexpected outcome of lymphocytes self-tolerance failure, and the common members of which include multiple sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and type 1 diabetes mellitus, etc. The pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases is not fully understood and the current therapeutic regimen's inefficacy in certain cases coupled with low rates of success, exorbitant financial burden, as well as numerous side effects, which do open new avenues for the role of natural products as novel therapeutic agents for auto-inflammatory disorders. Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi is a well-known and widely-recognized herbal medicine with certain ameliorative effect on diverse inflammation-involved dysfunction. Though recent advances do highlight its potential to be applied in the fight against autoimmune diseases, the specific mechanism and the related opinion on the exploring possibility are still limited which hampered the further progress. Here in this timeline review, we traced and collected the evidence of how Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi and its bioactive contents, namely baicalin, baicalein, wogonoside and wogonin affect autoimmune diseases. Moreover, we also discussed the clinical implications and therapeutic potential of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi and its bioactive contents in autoimmune diseases treatment.

Molecular mechanisms of Tangningtongluo Tablet in the treatment of diabetes based on network pharmacology and bioinformatics

“…The primary active ingredients of TNTL Tablet that were chosen from the target network were quercetin, luteolin, kaempferol, baicalein, βsitosterol and stigmasterol, and they were categorized as avonoids and sterols. Recent years, it has been demonstrated that avonoids have anti-in ammatory and antioxidant action, acting as a protective factor for the pancreatic islet cells [23], among, quercetin signi cantly lowers blood sugar levels and enhances the appearance of pancreatic islet cells in type 1 diabetic rats caused by STZ [24]; lutein reduces cardiac brosis and hypertrophy in type 1 diabetic mice by reducing in ammation and oxidative stress [25]; in alloxan-induced type 1 diabetic rats, phenolic extracts of oak cups that were high in kaempferol improved islet cell sensitivity through antioxidant activity and decreased fasting blood glucose [26]; baicalein can alleviate the problems with glucose and lipid metabolism in T1DM and safeguard the pancreatic islet cells by acting as an anti-in ammatory reaction [27]. By preventing cholesterol from being absorbed in the intestines of T1D patients, plant sterols (mostly stigmasterol and sitosterol) lower the amount of cholesterol in LDL.…”

The role, targets and mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine in regulating the balance of T helper type 17/regulatory Tcells in rheumatoid arthritis

“…In the treatment of RA, Baicalin has a good curative effect and few adverse reactions, and can improve the symptoms of RA rats. 50 Baicalin adjusts the Th17/Treg immune equilibrium in CIA rats by inhibiting JAK/STAT3 signaling activation and transferring it to Treg cells, thereby ameliorating arthritis symptoms in rats. 51 In summary, these Chinese herbal monomers or active components can adjust the equilibrium of Th17/Treg cells by interfering with cytokines, transcription factors, and signaling pathways, inhibiting the immunoreaction and maintaining immune homeostasis, improving RA symptoms and reducing bone destruction (Table 1).…”

“…Baicalin, a flavonoid in the root of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, can inhibit inflammation and regulate immune function. In the treatment of RA, Baicalin has a good curative effect and few adverse reactions, and can improve the symptoms of RA rats 50 . Baicalin adjusts the Th17/Treg immune equilibrium in CIA rats by inhibiting JAK/STAT3 signaling activation and transferring it to Treg cells, thereby ameliorating arthritis symptoms in rats 51…”

Therapeutic Properties of Baicalin - A Literature Review

“…In our final paper on autoimmunity, also from 2022, Wang et al conducted a literature review of Scutellaria baicalensis georgi as a promising candidate for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. 98…”