Scuffing transition diagrams for heavy duty diesel fuel injector materials in ultra low-sulfur fuel-lubricated environment

Qu, Jun; Truhan, J.J.; Blau, Peter J.; Meyer, Harry M.

doi:10.1016/j.wear.2005.02.019

Cited by 33 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Such an effect could appear if lubricant additives are no longer present or cannot work properly. Also, the beneficial effect of sulphur in the fuel is commonly attributed to the propensity to build up a solid lubricating film [2,1]. Hence the solid lubrication could become worse due to a change of fuel and this would be especially critical when lubrication is impaired due to other reasons.…”

Section: …Caused By Insufficient Supply Of Lubricantmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The beneficial tribological effect is attributed to sulphur in the fuel building up a solid lubricating film and promoting a beneficial mild corrosive wear. There are also experimental studies showing that fuel with lower sulphur content give a lower scuffing resistance [1,2]. The catastrophic nature of scuffing in engine cylinders implies a sudden shift from the normal low wear rate to a very high.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Testing scuffing resistance of materials for marine 2-stroke engines – Difficulties with lab scale testing of a complex phenomenon

Olander

Eskildsen²,

Fogh³

et al. 2015

Wear

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Optimising sliding materials of marine two-stroke diesel engine cylinders for reduced risk of scuffing is imperative because of the high costs associated with replacing the cylinder liner. But how can a complex and poorly understood phenomenon such as scuffing be tested? This study investigates the potential of material selection based on lab tests. Experience from ship operation is combined with analysis of lab scale scuffing tests to evaluate the possibilities of gaining applicable knowledge from scuffing testing. Two piston ring materials, a grey cast iron and a plasma sprayed cermet coating, both currently used in engines, were tested. Each of the materials was tested with two surface characters, achieved by run-in in a real engine and by fine grinding respectively. The ranking of the two materials proved to differ between the two surface characters. In the tests, scuffing could only be detected when all oil had become removed from the contact by being adsorbed by agglomerated wear debris and scraped away. This and other critical mechanisms behind scuffing in the tests are thoroughly discussed and compared to possible mechanisms taking place in the engine.

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Section: …Caused By Insufficient Supply Of Lubricantmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testing scuffing resistance of materials for marine 2-stroke engines – Difficulties with lab scale testing of a complex phenomenon

Olander

Eskildsen²,

Fogh³

et al. 2015

Wear

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Qu et al reported that the averaged friction coefficient normally obtained in reciprocating sliding tests was not sufficiently sensitive and instead used a concept where they analysed local friction changes [2]. Another approach is to use multiple criteria to rank scuffing performance, taking into account friction force, wear and resulting surface roughness [16].…”

Section: How Is Scuffing Simulated In Lab Scale?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The belief is that sulphur in the fuel has a beneficial tribological effect due to build up of a solid lubricating film and also due to promoting a beneficial mild corrosive wear. Some experimental studies also show that lubrication with high sulphur fuel provides a lower scuffing resistance [1,2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scuffing resistance testing of piston ring materials for marine two-stroke diesel engines and mapping of the operating mechanisms

Olander

Jacobson

2015

Wear

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PostprintThis is the accepted version of a paper published in Wear. This paper has been peer-reviewed but does not include the final publisher proof-corrections or journal pagination.Citation for the original published paper (version of record):Olander, P., Jacobson, S. (2015) Scuffing resistance testing of piston ring materials for marine two-stroke diesel engines and mapping of the operating mechanisms. AbstractThe incentive is strong for optimising sliding materials to reduce the risk for scuffing. In this study, scuffing tests were performed aiming towards finding new piston ring materials for greener marine diesel engines and also towards understanding scuffing mechanisms better. The tested ring materials where grey iron, Stellite 6, plasma sprayed cermet and high velocity oxy fuel (HVOF) cermet (both cermets with the same compounds: Cr-carbide, Ni, Cr, Mo). The Stellite 6 and HVOF cermet performed somewhat better than the other two materials. Microscopic and spectroscopic studies of failed sample surfaces revealed several characteristic features. It was clear that different mechanisms are active simultaneously, at different parts of the samples. Based on these results, we propose a hypothesis for a scuffing process involving several stages with distinctive mechanisms. Further studies are needed to strengthen this hypothesis and to relate these findings to actual deterioration mechanisms in the engine.

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“…Salt bath nitriding [3,4,5] is one of the most widely used thermo-chemical methods [6,7,8], which produces strong and shallow case with high compressive residual stresses on the surface of steel components such as gears, crankshafts, dies and tools [9,10,11]. Surface roughness of industrial components strongly affects their performance, i.e, many surface properties such as friction [12][13], surface wear [14], fluid flow in rough pipes [15] and the functioning of vacuum seals [16] are strictly dependent on surface roughness. In addition, surface roughness seems to be important in bioengineering for example in the joints of the bones [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Salt Bath Nitriding on Surface Roughness Behaviour of Aisi 4140 Steel

Ghelloudj

Hannachi

Djebaili

2017

Acta Metall Slovaca

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In the present research, AISI 4140 steel was nitrided in salt bath to study and analyze the behaviour of the surface roughness. The structural surface characterization behaviour of the nitrided steel was compared to the behaviour of the same steel which was untreated. The nitriding process was implemented in the salt bath component at ten different times (from 1 h to 10 h) when the temperature was constant at (580ºC). The influence of nitriding treatment on structural properties of the material was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), microhardness tester and surface profilometer. It was found that salt bath nitriding was effective in improving the surface properties behaviour of this steel. Experimental results showed that the nitrides ε-Fe2-3(N,C) and γ'-Fe4(N,C) present in the compound layer increase the microhardness (406-502 HV0.3), the initial surface roughness values of nitrided samples were higher than those of unnitrided specimens, it also observed that the increasing the nitriding time increases the surface roughness parameters (Ra, Rq and Rz).Keywords: salt bath nitriding, AISI 4140 steel, microhardness, surface roughness IntroductionSurface topography is an important characteristic that determines, among other things, catalytic activity, electrochemical potential, adhesion, friction coefficient, susceptibility to wear and scuffing failure and aesthetic appearance [1][2]. Salt bath nitriding [3,4,5] is one of the most widely used thermo-chemical methods [6,7,8], which produces strong and shallow case with high compressive residual stresses on the surface of steel components such as gears, crankshafts, dies and tools [9,10,11]. Surface roughness of industrial components strongly affects their performance, i.e, many surface properties such as friction [12][13], surface wear [14], fluid flow in rough pipes [15] and the functioning of vacuum seals [16] are strictly dependent on surface roughness. In addition, surface roughness seems to be important in bioengineering for example in the joints of the bones [17]. Quite often small roughness is desired since small roughness reduces wear and energy loss, but when high friction is needed also the roughness should be larger. Hence, the inspection of surface roughness of the work piece is very important to assess the quality of a component. The quality of surface roughness is an important requirement for coated parts [18]. There are at least five different mechanisms by using the surface modification methods to increase the fretting resistance: (1) to induce a residual compressive stress; (2) to decrease the coefficient of friction; (3) to increase the surface hardness; (4) to alter the surface chemistry; (5) to increase the surface roughness [19].

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Scuffing transition diagrams for heavy duty diesel fuel injector materials in ultra low-sulfur fuel-lubricated environment

Cited by 33 publications

References 16 publications

Testing scuffing resistance of materials for marine 2-stroke engines – Difficulties with lab scale testing of a complex phenomenon

Testing scuffing resistance of materials for marine 2-stroke engines – Difficulties with lab scale testing of a complex phenomenon

Scuffing resistance testing of piston ring materials for marine two-stroke diesel engines and mapping of the operating mechanisms

Effect of Salt Bath Nitriding on Surface Roughness Behaviour of Aisi 4140 Steel

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