Scuffing evaluation of fully formulated environmentally acceptable lubricant using barrel-on-disc technique

Bayat, Reza; Lehtovaara, Arto

doi:10.1016/j.triboint.2021.107002

Cited by 16 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…After scuffing, no FeS 2 tribofilm remained on the surfaces. A similar response to Miyajima's was observed using a MTM-SLIM in contra-rotation mode [15][16][17]. Bayat et al [16] suggested that, while parts of tribofilms were removed from surfaces after micro-scuffing, this did not propagate to catastrophic scuffing until a critical sliding speed was reached at which tribofilms could not form quickly enough on exposed surfaces.…”

supporting

confidence: 55%

“…A similar response to Miyajima's was observed using a MTM-SLIM in contra-rotation mode [15][16][17]. Bayat et al [16] suggested that, while parts of tribofilms were removed from surfaces after micro-scuffing, this did not propagate to catastrophic scuffing until a critical sliding speed was reached at which tribofilms could not form quickly enough on exposed surfaces. The term micro-scuffing refers to local scuffing that does not persist or spread over the whole surfaces and is characterised by a sudden rise and then quick fall of friction coefficient [6,15,[18][19][20].…”

supporting

confidence: 55%

“…Ingram's method, and especially its running-in stage, was recently modified by Peng et al [15] to obtain better repeatability of scuffing by added a short rubbing stage at low load and low sliding speed to smooth the surfaces before the main step-speed test sequence. Very recently, using a barrel on disc MTM setup, Bayat et al [16] have developed this approach further to better study additive performance by starting the main stepspeed sequence at lower sliding speed but the same load as the main test sequence. This enables tribofilm coverage to develop over the whole contact area subsequently present in the main step-speed sequence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In-Situ Observation of the Effect of the Tribofilm Growth on Scuffing in Rolling-Sliding Contact

2022

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General reductions in lubricant viscosities in many machine components mean that the role of lubricant additives in forming tribofilms has become increasingly important to provide adequate surface protection against scuffing. However, the relationship between scuffing and the formation and removal of tribofilms has not been systematically demonstrated. In this study, a step-sliding speed scuffing test based on contra-rotation using MTM-SLIM and ETM-SLIM has been employed to observe concurrently tribofilm thickness and the onset of scuffing. The initial sliding speed used was found to significantly affect scuffing performance since it determines the extent to which a tribofilm can form before critical sliding speed conditions are reached. In general, additives that formed thicker tribofilms, especially ZDDPs and triphenyl phosphate, gave effective protection against scuffing, though their protective tribofilms were progressively removed at higher sliding speeds, eventually resulting in scuffing. Graphical Abstract

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supporting

confidence: 55%

supporting

confidence: 55%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In-Situ Observation of the Effect of the Tribofilm Growth on Scuffing in Rolling-Sliding Contact

2022

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“…The results showed that the ball-on-disc test can rank the oils' frictional properties as FZG test did [11]. Regarding the gear application, the ball-on-disc test rig has been widely used also for empirical simulation of the polymer gears [12], friction of the gear oils in different lubrication conditions [13][14][15][16][17], micro pitting [18], and scuffing [19][20][21]. Tribofilm plays an important role in failure prevention in gear contact, however, to this time, there has not been any paper investigating the tribofilm variation at the gear line of action.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…It is an in situ optical interference method that is quick and enables the accurate estimation of the tribofilm thickness [25]. This technique has been used for studying the influence of slide to roll ratio on the ZDDP tribofilm formation [26], the influence of lubricant on white etching cracking [27], characteristics of the phosphorous and non-phosphorous antiwear films [28], roughness and thickness of ZDDP films [29], and investigating the tribofilm formation during the scuffing test [19,20]. However, this technique has not been used to specifically study the tribofilm formation mimicking individual contacts during gear meshing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tribofilm Formation of Simulated Gear Contact Along the Line of Action

Bayat

Lehtovaara

2021

Tribol Lett

Self Cite

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In this paper, an experimental simulation method was used for evaluating the tribofilm formation in rolling/sliding contact at different points in the line of action. A ball-on-disc test method was employed by which the pressure and slide to roll ratio of gear contact could be simulated. In order to reach a general conclusion, four different oils and two surface roughness were involved in the experiments. The tribofilm evolution was captured using spacer layer interferometry method, and the correlation of tribofilm with the location at the line of action was studied. Results showed that there is a threshold pressure for the tribofilm formation around which the tribofilm growth rate is maximum. Above this threshold pressure, the tribofilm formation is not stable, and the wear is dominant. Below this threshold pressure, the tribofilm growth rate rises by increasing the pressure and the gear contact is safely protected by a stable tribofilm. Graphic Abstract

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Entwicklung eines Pre-Screening-Verfahrens zur Qualifizierung von umweltverträglichen Schmierstoffen für Stevenrohrsysteme – Bewertung der Reibungseffizienz und der Fresstragfähigkeit

Bürger

Jacobs

Goeldel

et al. 2023

Forsch Ingenieurwes

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Lubricants for stern tube systems are subject to increasingly stringent requirements in terms of environmental compatibility, as any lubricant leakage leads to contamination of the sea. As a result, interest in environmentally acceptable lubricants (EALs) is increasing. Biodegradable ester lubricants represent a possible alternative to conventional, mineral oil-based lubricants. In addition to environmental compatibility requirements, these ester lubricants must also meet tribological requirements. In this study, suitable tribometers were therefore combined in a pre-screening method to cost-effectively test lubricants for their tribological requirements (friction efficiency, wear protection and scuffing capacity). For this purpose, the contact parameters are transferred from the real conditions in the stern tube system’s journal bearing and from the standardized component tests (FZG for gears and FE8 for rolling bearings) to tribological model tests on a Mini-Traction-Machine (MTM, PCS Instruments). The result of the study is a method for the pre-screening of EALs under the application-related journal bearing and standardized component test conditions, respectively. The results show an influence of the lubricant composition on the friction efficiency in fluid friction as well as the transition point from fluid to mixed friction. Furthermore, an influence of the lubricant composition on the scuffing capacity could be shown. The results of friction efficiency and scuffing capacity confirm also a high reproducibility for those pre-screening tests.

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Scuffing evaluation of fully formulated environmentally acceptable lubricant using barrel-on-disc technique

Cited by 16 publications

References 42 publications

In-Situ Observation of the Effect of the Tribofilm Growth on Scuffing in Rolling-Sliding Contact

In-Situ Observation of the Effect of the Tribofilm Growth on Scuffing in Rolling-Sliding Contact

Tribofilm Formation of Simulated Gear Contact Along the Line of Action

Entwicklung eines Pre-Screening-Verfahrens zur Qualifizierung von umweltverträglichen Schmierstoffen für Stevenrohrsysteme – Bewertung der Reibungseffizienz und der Fresstragfähigkeit

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