Urbanization in Indonesia's cities is increasing, leading to various impacts,
including negative consequences due to insufficient investment in local
public infrastructure. Urbanization assessment primarily relies on examining
changes in built-up areas over the past decade. These changes serve as an
indicator that can be effectively derived from remote sensing data. In our
study, we applied remote sensing data from the Google Earth Engine (GEE)
catalog to delve into the urbanization dynamics within Greater Surabaya
area, Indonesia. We employed satellite imagery from Landsat 7 Enhanced
Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) and Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager and
Thermal Infrared Sensor (OLI TIRS) for 2012 and 2022. We used Support Vector
Machine (SVM) classification techniques to construct precise urban expansion
models. Our analysis revealed distinct urban expansion trends in Mojokerto
and Sidoarjo, which contrast with the relatively stable urban development
trends in northern Surabaya due to the construction of toll roads. The
findings provide valuable inputs for urban management, necessitating
targeted interventions and strategies to address the urbanization
disparities between these two areas. It underscores the critical importance
of resource allocation, infrastructure development, and urban planning
initiatives, with a specific focus on Gresik, to ensure sustainable urban
growth and mitigate potential challenges associated with rapid expansion.