Screening Women for Anal Cancers: Guidance for Health Care Professionals

Vegunta, Suneela; Shah, Amit; Whited, M. Helen; Long, Margaret E.

doi:10.14309/ajg.0000000000001186

Cited by 6 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…We particularly support Vegunta et al's (1) endorsement of human papillomavirus-16 (HPV-16) testing as a promising screening strategy, especially given that < 90% of female ASCCs are HPV-16-positive (4). Indeed, high correlation between concurrent cervical and anal HPV-16 (5) begs the research question of whether older women screening positive for cervical HPV-16 in cervical screening programs might also be at high enough ASCC risk to warrant screening.…”

supporting

confidence: 67%

“…Several societies have recommended a yearly anal cancer screening for HIV-positive men who have sex with men, but the risk in this population is much higher than in high-risk women, for whom, in addition, there are much less published data on anal screening algorithms. Importantly, Vegunta et al's (1) recommendations for algorithms are not accompanied by a grading of the strength and quality of the underlying evidence (e.g., GRADE system), which is crucial to making this process more transparent and uniform.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The article by Vegunta et al (1) provides guidance on anal cancer screening in high-risk women, a highly important topic. Anal squamous cell carcinoma (ASCC) incidence is increasing in women, and this trend is expected to continue.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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For Anal Cancer, Not All Women Are Equal

2021

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supporting

confidence: 67%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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For Anal Cancer, Not All Women Are Equal

2021

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“…Routine screening and treatment of anal HSIL were not recommended as the standard of care, given that the available evidence could not support this recommendation. 66 A recent article by Vegunta et al 80 promoted a screening algorithm for HR women, including women with vHSIL or vulvar cancer. The proposed recommendations were an assessment of symptoms, visual inspection, and a DARE at diagnosis and repeated annually.…”

Section: Early Detection Of Anal Cancer In Patients With Vulvar Squam...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Anal cytology and anal HPV testing could also be considered. 80 A grading of these recommendations was not provided in this article, and these guidelines were not formally endorsed by any society.…”

Section: Early Detection Of Anal Cancer In Patients With Vulvar Squam...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Vulvar High-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions and Cancer as a Risk Factor for Anal Cancer: A Review

Albuquerque

Stockdale

Heller

et al. 2022

J Low Genit Tract Dis

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Anal squamous cell carcinoma (ASCC) has a higher incidence described in certain groups, namely, in women with vulvar high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (vHSILs) and/or human papillomavirus squamous cell carcinoma (VSCC). This review describes terminology, vHSIL, and VSCC in their association with ASCC and the published recommendations for early detection of this cancer in these women. Materials and Methods:A narrative review was conducted by the authors on vHSIL and VSCC as risk factors for ASCC. Results:The ASCC and VSCC incidence are increasing. Women with vHSIL and/or VSCC can present with ASCC at diagnosis, being one of the highest-risk groups. Suspicious symptoms include rectal bleeding, pain, and a sensation of an anal mass. Digital anorectal examination can help detect early ASCC. Sensitivity of anal cytology in women with vHSIL and VSCC seems low, with the exception of immunosuppressed women with genital neoplasia (cervix, vagina, and vulva). There are still insufficient data on high-resolution anoscopy in women with vHSIL and/or VSCC as a screening method.Conclusions: Clinicians need be aware that women with vHSIL and VSCC comprise one of the highest-risk groups for ASCC. Inquiring suggestive symptoms of ASCC and a digital anorectal examination can help in the early detection of this type of cancer.

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Human papillomavirus infection: Epidemiology, biology, host interactions, cancer development, prevention, and therapeutics

Wolf,

Kist,

Pereira

et al. 2024

Reviews in Medical Virology

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Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections worldwide. It is caused by the HPV, a DNA virus that infects epithelial cells in various mucous membranes and skin surfaces. HPV can be categorised into high‐risk and low‐risk types based on their association with the development of certain cancers. High‐risk HPV types, such as HPV‐16 and HPV‐18, are known to be oncogenic and are strongly associated with the development of cervical, anal, vaginal, vulvar, penile, and oropharyngeal cancers. These types of HPV can persist in the body for an extended period and, in some cases, lead to the formation of precancerous lesions that may progress to cancer if left untreated. Low‐risk HPV types, such as HPV‐6 and HPV‐11, are not typically associated with cancer but can cause benign conditions like genital warts. Genital warts are characterised by the growth of small, cauliflower‐like bumps on the genital and anal areas. Although not life‐threatening, they can cause discomfort and psychological distress. HPV is primarily transmitted through sexual contact, including vaginal, anal, and oral sex. It can also be transmitted through non‐penetrative sexual activities that involve skin‐to‐skin contact. In addition to sexual transmission, vertical transmission from mother to child during childbirth is possible but relatively rare. Prevention of HPV infection includes vaccination and safe sexual practices. HPV vaccines, such as Gardasil and Cervarix, are highly effective in preventing infection with the most common high‐risk HPV types. These vaccines are typically administered to adolescents and young adults before they become sexually active. Safe sexual practices, such as consistent and correct condom use and limiting the number of sexual partners, can also reduce the risk of HPV transmission. Diagnosis of HPV infection can be challenging because the infection is often asymptomatic, especially in men. In women, HPV testing can be done through cervical screening programs, which involve the collection of cervical cells for analysis. Abnormal results may lead to further diagnostic procedures, such as colposcopy or biopsy, to detect precancerous or cancerous changes. Overall, HPV infection is a prevalent sexually transmitted infection with significant implications for public health. Vaccination, regular screening, and early treatment of precancerous lesions are key strategies to reduce the burden of HPV‐related diseases and their associated complications. Education and awareness about HPV and its prevention are crucial in promoting optimal sexual health. This study aimed to carry out a literature review considering several aspects involving HPV infection: Global distribution, prevalence, biology, host interactions, cancer development, prevention, therapeutics, coinfection with other viruses, coinfection with bacteria, association with head and neck squamous cell carcinomas, and association with anal cancer.

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Screening Women for Anal Cancers: Guidance for Health Care Professionals

Cited by 6 publications

References 80 publications

For Anal Cancer, Not All Women Are Equal

For Anal Cancer, Not All Women Are Equal

Vulvar High-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions and Cancer as a Risk Factor for Anal Cancer: A Review

Human papillomavirus infection: Epidemiology, biology, host interactions, cancer development, prevention, and therapeutics

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