Screening urinalysis in dogs with urinary shedding of leptospires

Khorami, Nargess; Malmasi, Abdolali; Zakeri, Sedigheh; Salehi, Taghi Zahraei; Abdollahpour, Gholamreza; Nassiri, Seyed Mahdi; Nejati, Adel

doi:10.1007/s00580-009-0856-1

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The shedding prevalence is comparable to other investigations. In Ireland, 7.1% (37/525) of dogs were shedding [29], 8.2% (41/500) in the USA [31], 31.1% in Iran [37], and 19.8% of the dogs in Brazil [35]. In a German study, 1.5% (3/200) of healthy dogs were shedding Leptospira [25], and in Switzerland, the shedding prevalence was 0.2% (1/408) [23].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, "dog ownership" was identified as a potential risk factor for humans [17][18][19][20][21][22]. Worldwide studies showed a prevalence of urinary shedding of Leptospira in dogs between 0.2 and 31.1% by PCR [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37]. Shedding can also occur in healthy dogs [23, 25, 31-33, 35, 37].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Leptospira infection and shedding in dogs in Thailand

Altheimer¹,

Jongwattanapisan

Luengyosluechakul

et al. 2020

BMC Vet Res

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Background: Leptospirosis is a widespread zoonosis and has been recognized as a re-emerging infectious disease in humans and dogs, but prevalence of Leptospira shedding in dogs in Thailand is unknown. The aim of this study was to determine urinary shedding of Leptospira in dogs in Thailand, to evaluate antibody prevalence by microscopic agglutination test (MAT) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and to assess risk factors for Leptospira infection. In Northern, Northeastern, and Central Thailand, 273 stray (n = 119) or client-owned (n = 154) dogs from rural (n = 139) or urban (n = 134) areas were randomly included. Dogs that had received antibiotics within 4 weeks prior to sampling were excluded. No dog had received vaccination against Leptospira. Urine was evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) specific for lipL32 gene of pathogenic Leptospira. Additionally, urine was cultured for 6 months in Ellinghausen-McCullough-Johnson-Harris (EMJH) medium. Antibodies were measured by ELISA and MAT against 24 serovars belonging to 15 serogroups and 1 undesignated serogroup. Risk factor analysis was performed with backwards stepwise selection based on Wald. Results: Twelve of 273 (4.4%; 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.0-6.8%) urine samples were PCR-positive. In 1/273 dogs (0.4%; 95% CI: 0.01-1.1%) Leptospira could be cultured from urine. MAT detected antibodies in 33/273 dogs (12.1%; 95% CI: 8.2-16.0%) against 19 different serovars (Anhoa,

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leptospira infection and shedding in dogs in Thailand

Altheimer¹,

Jongwattanapisan

Luengyosluechakul

et al. 2020

BMC Vet Res

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“…Furthermore, the prevalence in the elimination of leptospires in the urine of dogs is quite variable depending on several factors. The prevalence in Thailand was 4.4% (12/273) of dogs shedding leptospires [ 39 ], in Ireland 7.1% (37/525) [ 35 ], 8.2% (41/500) in the USA [ 40 ], 31.1% in Iran [ 41 ], and 19.8% of dogs in Brazil [ 38 ], and our study in question showed 46.8% (44/94) of dogs shedding leptospires. In a German study, 1.5% (3/200) of healthy dogs were shedding leptospires [ 42 ], and in Switzerland, the shedding prevalence was 0.2% (1/408) [ 43 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Vaccination against Leptospira on Shelter Asymptomatic Dogs Following a Long-Term Study

Costa

Azevedo

Borges

et al. 2022

Animals

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(1) Background: Vaccination of dogs against leptospirosis is of paramount importance, as they ideally must provide not only long-term protection, but also against the renal carrier state of leptospires. This study assessed the post-vaccine humoral response against Leptospira in naturally exposed dogs and effects on renal carrier status. (2) Methods: A total of 118 dogs were studied for 365 days, separated into Group A (vaccinated, n = 94) and Group B (non-vaccinated, n = 24). Group A was subdivided into three groups: A1 with 32 dogs immunized with the vaccine #1; A2 by 32 dogs with #2; and A3 30 dogs with #3. Serology (MAT and IgG-ELISA) and urinary PCR were conducted. (3) Results: Seroreactivity increased at D15 post-vaccination and, regardless of vaccine brand, remained high up to D180, with antibody switch to IgG after D30. A total of 46.8% of animals from Group A were PCR-positive at least once, in contrast to 75% in Group B, regardless of vaccine brand (p < 0.05; OR: 0.3). (4) Conclusions: All commercial vaccines succeeded at eliciting a long-term IgG-based response and were partially effective at protecting against kidney infection.

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“…Avizeh et al in a study on dogs of Ahvaz reported a sero-prevalence of 4.5% (8). In a study, the rate of infection or sero-prevalence in other animals, especially in herbivores, ranged between 18 and 58% and canicola and Grippotyphosa were the most common serovars, while Hardjo, Pomona, and Icterohaemorrhagiae were less common (12).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Jamshidi also reported a sero-prevalence of 27% in cats of Tehran in 2009 and found that the most common serovars diagnosed in stray cats were canicola and Pomona and in household cats, Hardjo, Icterohaemorrhagiae, Grippotyphosa, and Canicola were detected. Rad et al (2) reported a sero-prevalence of 31% in dogs of Tehran in 2004; however, in 2010, Khorami et al (12) reported that of 90 dogs examined, 31% shed this bacterium through urine. Avizeh et al in a study on dogs of Ahvaz reported a sero-prevalence of 4.5% (8).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sero-prevalence of Leptospira spp. in Household and Stray Dogs by Microscopic Agglutination Test

Asl

Bafandehzendeh

Abdollahpoor

2020

Int J Med Parasitol Epidemiol Sci

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Background: Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease of worldwide significance in human beings and many animals. This zoonotic disease causes infection in dogs and other pet animals and these animals can influence human’s health. Given the unknown prevalence of leptospirosis in dogs in our area, this study was performed to investigate the sero-epidemiology of leptospirosis and evaluate the seroprevalence of Leptospira serovars in both household and stray dogs by microscopic agglutination test (MAT). Methods: Serum samples of 90 dogs in two household and stray groups (45 dogs for each group) were collected. Specimens were examined by MAT (in accordance with the procedure recommended by WHO) against antigens of serovars Canicola, Grippotyphosa, Icterohaemorrhagiae, Pomona, Hardjo, Autumnalis, and Ballum. Results: In total, 6.7% of (n=6) dogs (1 stray and 5 household dogs) had a serum titer of 1:100 or more against Leptospira serovars. Dominant serovars were Canicola (8.9%), Grippotyphosa (2.2%), and Pomona (2.2%), respectively. The antibody titer against more than one serovar was observed only in one dog. The sero-prevalence was 11.1% in household dogs and 2.2% in stray dogs. Since 4 pet dogs had been vaccinated recently, it seems that the actual percentage of infection in household dogs must be just 2.2% and actual infection in dogs including stray dogs is approximately 4.4% in Tabriz. Conclusion: Fortunately, the rate of infection in Tabriz is low and this can be due to special geographical and climatic conditions, regular and annual vaccination of household dogs against this disease, and lack of suitable conditions for the growth and survival of such micro-organisms in the environment

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Screening urinalysis in dogs with urinary shedding of leptospires

Cited by 8 publications

References 9 publications

Leptospira infection and shedding in dogs in Thailand

Leptospira infection and shedding in dogs in Thailand

Effect of Vaccination against Leptospira on Shelter Asymptomatic Dogs Following a Long-Term Study

Sero-prevalence of Leptospira spp. in Household and Stray Dogs by Microscopic Agglutination Test

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