Screening triclocarban and its transformation products in river sediment using liquid chromatography and high resolution mass spectrometry

Souchier, Marine; Benali-Raclot, Dalel; Benanou, D.; Boireau, Véronique; Góméz, Elena; Casellas, Claude; Chirón, Serge

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.08.108

Cited by 26 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…DCC and 3′Cl-TCC are known to be present as impurities (∼0.2%, w/w) in technical-grade TCC (Figures S12 and S13). Consequently, the estimated concentrations of DCC and 3′Cl-TCC spiked into the hydroponic media during the initial exposure (0–7 days) and second exposure (7–28 days) were 0.35 and 0.97 μg/L, respectively. Therefore, these two products were present in the media throughout the experiments primarily as byproducts of TCC.…”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transformation, Conjugation, and Sequestration Following the Uptake of Triclocarban by Jalapeno Pepper Plants

Huynh

Banach

Reinhold

2018

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Plant uptake and metabolism of emerging organic contaminants, such as personal-care products, pose potential risks to human health. In this study, jalapeno pepper (Capsicum annuum) plants cultured in hydroponic media were exposed to both 14C-labeled and unlabeled triclocarban (TCC) to investigate the accumulation, distribution, and metabolism of TCC following plant uptake. The results revealed that TCC was detected in all plant tissues; after 12 weeks, the TCC concentrations in root, stem, leaf, and fruit tissues were 19.74 ± 2.26, 0.26 ± 0.04, 0.11 ± 0.01, and 0.03 ± 0.01 mg/kg dry weight, respectively. More importantly, a substantial portion of the TCC taken up by plants was metabolized, especially in the stems, leaves, and fruits. Hydroxylated TCC (e.g., 2′-OH TCC and 6-OH TCC) and glycosylated OH-TCC were the main phase I and phase II metabolites in plant tissues, respectively. Bound (or nonextractable) residues of TCC accounted for approximately 44.6, 85.6, 69.0, and 47.5% of all TCC species that accumulated in roots, stems, leaves, and fruits, respectively. The concentrations of TCC metabolites were more than 20 times greater than the concentrations of TCC in the above-ground tissues of the jalapeno pepper plants after 12 weeks; crucially, approximately 95.6% of the TCC was present as metabolites in the fruits. Consequently, human exposure to TCC through the consumption of pepper fruits is expected to be substantially higher when phytometabolism is considered.

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Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transformation, Conjugation, and Sequestration Following the Uptake of Triclocarban by Jalapeno Pepper Plants

Huynh

Banach

Reinhold

2018

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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“…On the other hand, reductive dechlorination is also known to be a ubiquitous and essential dissimilation route that takes place during the transformation of TCC and its higher chlorinated congeners (such as 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorocarbanilide (4-Cl-TCC)) into their lesser chlorinated congeners under anaerobic and anoxic conditions by the activity of microorganisms [56,119,[192][193][194]. Through sequential detoxification reactions, TCC can be converted to its core carbanilide structure as follows: Tri-chlorinated TCC is first transformed into DCC, then into MCC and, finally, into non-chlorinated NCC ( Figure 6) [56,188,192].…”

Section: Transformation/degradation Products and Metabolites Of Triclmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Concerning dechlorination products of TCC, DCC and 4-Cl-TCC are known as manufacturing byproducts in technical-grade TCC (at an estimated level of 0.2% by weight) [213]; thus, TCC-containing personal care products can be considered as another source of the release of these compounds into the environment [177]. The higher-and lower-chlorinated congeners of TCC have been reported to be present in sediments and surface waters impacted by WWTP effluent as well as in sediment-dwelling organisms, such as the freshwater oligochaete Lumbriculus variegatus (worm) [162,192,193,213,230,247]. A previous study conducted by Miller et al [192] reported that the TCC dechlorination process was observed exclusively in strictly anaerobic environments (such as dated estuarine sediments) by strict anaerobic dechlorinating microorganisms.…”

Section: Fate and Impacts Of Triclocarban And Triclocarban-related Comentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on the Fate of Legacy and Alternative Antimicrobials and Their Metabolites during Wastewater and Sludge Treatment

Abbott

Kor-Bicakci

Islam

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Antimicrobial compounds are used in a broad range of personal care, consumer and healthcare products and are frequently encountered in modern life. The use of these compounds is being reexamined as their safety, effectiveness and necessity are increasingly being questioned by regulators and consumers alike. Wastewater often contains significant amounts of these chemicals, much of which ends up being released into the environment as existing wastewater and sludge treatment processes are simply not designed to treat many of these contaminants. Furthermore, many biotic and abiotic processes during wastewater treatment can generate significant quantities of potentially toxic and persistent antimicrobial metabolites and byproducts, many of which may be even more concerning than their parent antimicrobials. This review article explores the occurrence and fate of two of the most common legacy antimicrobials, triclosan and triclocarban, their metabolites/byproducts during wastewater and sludge treatment and their potential impacts on the environment. This article also explores the fate and transformation of emerging alternative antimicrobials and addresses some of the growing concerns regarding these compounds. This is becoming increasingly important as consumers and regulators alike shift away from legacy antimicrobials to alternative chemicals which may have similar environmental and human health concerns.

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“…More recently, the EDA approach has been used in combination with full-scan screening analysis (FSA) to detect unknown and potentially toxic substances in environmental samples, such as sediment and water . FSA is a powerful tool that is used to identify unknown toxicants in environmental samples based on accurate molecular mass by use of high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), such as time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOFMS). − A previous study using FSA successfully identified 2,3- and 2,8-phenazinediamine from river water, which was subsequently confirmed by use of authentic standards and shown to be a potent mutagenicity in the Ames test . Through combining EDA with FSA, 4-methyl-7-diethylaminocoumarin was confirmed as a potent androgenic receptor agonist in the surface water of rivers with the relative potency (ReP) value of the reference material flutamide exceeding 5.2 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Newly Identified AhR-Active Compounds in the Sediments of an Industrial Area Using Effect-Directed Analysis

Kim

Hong

Cha

et al. 2019

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Effect-directed analysis was used to identify previously unidentified aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonists in sediments collected from a highly industrialized area of Ulsan Bay, Korea. The specific objectives were to (i) investigate potent fractions of sediment extracts using the H4IIE-luc bioassay, (ii) determine the concentrations of known AhR agonists (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and styrene oligomers (SOs)), (iii) identify previously unreported AhR agonists in fractions by use of GC-QTOFMS, and (iv) evaluate contributions of individual compounds to overall AhR-mediated potencies, found primarily in fractions containing aromatics with log K ow 5–8. Greater concentrations of PAHs and SOs were also found in those fractions. On the basis of GC-QTOFMS and GC-MSD analyses, 16 candidates for AhR agonists were identified in extracts of sediments. Of these, seven compounds, including 1-methylchrysene, benzo[j]fluoranthene, 3-methylchrysene, 5-methylbenz[a]anthracene, 11H-benzo[b]fluorene, benzo[b]naphtho[2,3-d]furan, and benzo[b]naphtho[2,1-d]thiophene, exhibited significant AhR activity. Relative potency values of newly identified AhR agonists were found to be greater than or comparable to that of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP). The potency balance analysis showed that newly identified AhR agonists explained 0.07–16% of bioassay-derived BaP-EQs. These chemicals were widely distributed in industrial sediments; thus, it is of immediate importance to conduct studies on sources and potential effects of those chemicals.

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Screening triclocarban and its transformation products in river sediment using liquid chromatography and high resolution mass spectrometry

Cited by 26 publications

References 27 publications

Transformation, Conjugation, and Sequestration Following the Uptake of Triclocarban by Jalapeno Pepper Plants

Transformation, Conjugation, and Sequestration Following the Uptake of Triclocarban by Jalapeno Pepper Plants

A Review on the Fate of Legacy and Alternative Antimicrobials and Their Metabolites during Wastewater and Sludge Treatment

Newly Identified AhR-Active Compounds in the Sediments of an Industrial Area Using Effect-Directed Analysis

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