Screening on the Presence of Plant Growth Regulators in High Biomass Forming Seaweeds from the Ionian Sea (Mediterranean Sea)

Abstract

The use of seaweed as plant biostimulants is a solution for sustainable agriculture. The present study aims to quantify and compare the presence of plant growth regulators (PGRs) in four genetically labeled macroalgae growing in the Ionian Sea. Species were selected because they produce abundant biomass, disturbing ecological equilibrium and anthropic activities. We measured the content of gibberellic acid (GA3), kinetin (KN), indoleacetic acid (IAA), abscisic acid (ABA) and indole butyric acid (IBA). The method applied was modified from the literature to obtain simultaneously different PGRs from seaweed biomass in a shorter period of time. Among results, it is notable that Hypnea corona Huisman et Petrocelli (Rhodophyta) showed higher GA3 concentration, while in Spyridia filamentosa (Wulfen) Harvey (Rhodophyta), higher KN, IBA, IAA and ABA contents were recorded. The latter species displayed an interesting profile of PGRs, with an IAA value comparable with that reported in Ascophyllum nodosum (Linnaeus) Le Jolis (Ochrophyta), which is currently used as a source of plant biostimulants in agriculture. Macroalgae thrive abundantly in nutrient-rich environments, such as anthropized coastal areas affecting human economic activities. Consequently, environmental agencies are forced to dredge algal thalli and discard them as waste. Any use of unwanted biomass as an economic product is highly desirable in the perspective of ecosustainable development.

Estudio de la variabilidad en el tiempo y espacio de la actividad antioxidante y composición bioquímica de Kappaphycus alvarezii en diferentes densidades de siembra

“…Sin embargo, se necesitarían más datos relacionados con este tema para confirmar está presunción. Otros estudios también han encontrado valores más altos de auxinas en distintas especies de macroalgas como Caulerpa racemosa (10 ppm), Hipnea corona (6,70 ppm) y Ulva lacinulata (2,30 ppm) 79,80 pero hay que tener en cuenta que los autores no efectuaron ensayos de densidades en su investigación, lo cual pudiera ser debido factores como la densidad de siembra y los procedimientos de análisis utilizados, ya que las muestras del presente estudio se determinaron por espectofotometría UV-visible, en lugar del análisis por cromatografía de alta resolución que fueron empleados por los estudios mencionados anteriormente. La escasez de investigaciones orientadas a estos parámetros dificulta el aprovechamiento de este tipo de biomoléculas de interés biotecnológico de una fuente comercial explotable como el cultivo de K. alvarezzii.…”

Effective method for simultaneous determination of abscisic acid, 3-indolacetic acid and gibberellic acid in commercial plant biostimulants by capillary electrophoresis with diode array detection

“…Gibberellic acid GA3 is the most common gibberellin (Kwon & Paek, 2016), and it participates during seed germination, stem elongation and the beginning of flowering (Camara et al, 2018). To our knowledge, several studies focus on the individual and simultaneous determination of phytohormones in different matrices have been established using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) (Nakurte et al, 2012;Nhujak et al, 2005;Rivera et al, 2020;Spagnuolo et al, 2022;Wu & Hu, 2009), liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS) (Yang et al, 2022), capillary electrophoresis coupled to mass spectrometry (CE-MS) (Tan et al, 2014), as well as capillary electrophoresis coupled to a diode array detector (CE-DAD) (Chen et al, 2018;Huang et al, 2014;Nhujak et al, 2005;Quijano-Avilés et al, 2018;Yang et al, 2016). Furthermore, most of the procedures require sample preparation steps such as solid-liquid extraction, solid-phase extraction (SPE), supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), liquid-phase microextraction (LPME), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), dynamic sonication-assisted solvent extraction (DSASE), among other techniques.…”

Determination of Ten Plant Growth Regulators in Bean Sprouts by Mixed Solid Phase Extraction Columns Separation and LC-MS/MS

“…Several methods have been developed for analyzing the presence of PGRs in food samples, including GC [10,11], HPLC [12][13][14][15][16][17][18], GC-MS [5,19,20], electrochemical sensing method [21], and HPLC-MS [22][23][24][25][26][27]. The GC, HPLC, and GC-MS methods are often utilized, but some of these methods showed the complexity of samples pre-treatment and the low sensitivity of the detection results.…”