Screening of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) risk in adolescent population and study of association with craniofacial and upper airway morphology

Sleep‐disordered breathing and malocclusion in children and adolescents—a systematic review

“…51 Most studies used sleep questionnaires, for example Basic Nordic Sleep Questionnaire, Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children, Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire (PSQ), STOP-BANG questionnaire, Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS) and/or Berlin Questionnaire (BQ) to screen for SDB symptoms. 18,32,[50][51][52][53][59][60][61] Many studies state that PSG is the 'gold standard' for diagnostic of SDB, but emphasise that it is costly, technique-sensitive and unavailable in municipal dental health care because it is used at hospitals. 6,16,18,50,51,53,59,60 Sleep questionnaires are easier to perform as a screening tool for SDB symptoms, but the reliability of detecting SDB is low in comparison with PSG or PG.…”

“…18,32,[50][51][52][53][59][60][61] Many studies state that PSG is the 'gold standard' for diagnostic of SDB, but emphasise that it is costly, technique-sensitive and unavailable in municipal dental health care because it is used at hospitals. 6,16,18,50,51,53,59,60 Sleep questionnaires are easier to perform as a screening tool for SDB symptoms, but the reliability of detecting SDB is low in comparison with PSG or PG.…”

“…Therefore, questionnaires are not recommended as sufficient diagnostic tools. 6,16,18,50,51,53,59,60 None of the included studies compared SDB symptoms in 'children with malocclusion' to 'neutral occlusion or minor deviation in the occlusion not requiring orthodontic treatment' as the present review preferred. Instead, the studies grouped the samples in 'children with SDB symptoms' and 'children without SDB symptoms', which might bias the results because not all types of malocclusion traits are investigated separately in all studies.…”

“…[50][51][52][53] Some studies have found a positive association between SDB symptoms and mandibular retrognathia, steep mandibular plane, and convex facial profile. 26,50,53,60 Previous studies have found that upper airway dimensions are smaller in children with large skeletal overjet and mandibular retrognathia, which might predispose to SDB. [37][38][39]62 The association between mandibular retrognathia and SDB is in agreement with the included study by Ikävalko et al 2018 but not with Ikävalko et al 2012.…”

Prototype of Customized Mobile Application for Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) Risk Assessment During the COVID-19 Pandemic

“…A preliminary project related to the assessment of craniofacial morphology related to adolescents at risk of OSA was undertaken in the department of orthodontics in a central-government dental school in Delhi. 5 It showed a high prevalence of OSA-risk (14%) in orthodontic patients who were completely unaware of any symptoms of sleep-disordered breathing. Hence, it highlighted lack of awareness related to OSA in orthodontic patients and can easily be extrapolated further for the general population.…”