Screening of malignant neoplasms: the state of the problem in Russia and the world

Abstract

A number of objective and subjective reasons, such as aging of the population, environmental, economic and other factors, determine the trend of increasing incidence of malignant neoplasms worldwide. According to GLOBOCAN 2020 forecasts, in the coming years, prostate, lung and bronchial cancer, colorectal cancer will account for almost half (48%) of all cases of the disease in men, of which 27% are prostate cancer. In women, breast cancer, lung cancer and colorectal cancer will account for about 51% of all new diagnoses, while breast cancer alone will account for about 30%. In 2021, the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation approved the Procedure for preventive examinations and medical examinations, within the framework of which screening measures for early detection of oncological diseases are carried out, the procedure for dispensary observation of certain groups of the adult population by specialist doctors is approved, the duration, frequency of dispensary observation, the scope of preventive, diagnostic, therapeutic and rehabilitation measures are determined. The aim of the review: to present epidemiological data on the most common forms of cancer in Russia and the world; current recommendations on the organization of screening and its informative value; primary prevention measures.