Screening of functionalized collagen membranes with a porcine periodontal regeneration model

Abstract

ObjectivesCurrent methods for periodontal regeneration do not promote collagen fiber insertions into new bone and cementum. We used a pig wound model to screen different functionalized collagen membranes in promoting periodontal reattachment to root surfaces.MethodsTreatment groups included (1) control with no membranes, (2) collagen‐coated membranes, (3) membranes with insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1), (4) membranes with amelotin, or (5) membranes attached with calcium phosphate cement (CPC), or with CPC combined with IGF‐1. Flap procedures were performed on mandibular and maxillary premolars of each pig.ResultsHistomorphometric, micro‐CT, and clinical measurements obtained at 4 and 12 weeks after surgery showed cementum formation on denuded roots and reformation of alveolar bone, indicating that the pig model can model healing responses in periodontal regeneration. Calcium phosphate cement simplified procedures by eliminating the need for sutures and improved regeneration of alveolar bone (p < 0.05) compared with other treatments. There was a reduction (p < 0.05) of PD only for the IGF group. Large observed variances between treatment groups indicated that a priori power analyses should be conducted to optimize statistical analysis.ConclusionsPigs can model discrete elements of periodontal healing using collagen‐based, functionalized membranes. Screening indicates that membrane anchorage with calcium phosphate cements improve regeneration of alveolar bone.

Periodontal regeneration: Lessons from the periodontal ligament-cementum junction in diverse animal models

“…Porcine models, similar to non-human primates such as Cynomolgus monkeys, exhibit marked similarities of their periodontal tissues to humans. They have thus been extensively used for studies of bone and periodontal regeneration (54). Dog models have also been used in studies of periodontal regeneration for over 50 years while sheep models have been employed much less extensively.…”