Screening of Bioprotective Properties of Various Plant Extracts and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Profiling of Adenanthera Pavonina Stem Extract

Abstract

Objective: The search for various phytotherapeutic compounds is on rise due to a complex multifactorial phenomenon called drug resistance. The present study investigates the cytotoxic, antioxidant, and antiproliferative potential of methanolic extracts of Clitorea ternatea, Averrhoa bilimbi, Phyllanthus acidus, Tecoma stans, Curcuma aromatica, Anethum graveolens, Adhatoda vasica, Markhamia lutea, Spathodea companulata, and Adenanthera pavonina.Methods: The plant parts were extracted with methanol and screened for 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2’-azino-bis(3- ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) free radical scavenging abilities. The cytotoxic activity of the extracts was investigated on HeLa and HCT116 cells through 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol2yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, and cell cycle was analyzed by flow cytometry to determine the antiproliferative activity of the extracts. The stem extract of A. pavonina was further subjected to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis for purification of the compounds of interest. A two-way ANOVA was done to estimate the effect of the extract between samples remembered at p<0.05 level.Results: Among all the studied samples, the extract of A. pavonina (stem) showed significant scavenging activity of 70.23% and 76.32% of scavenging compared to 74.58 % and 81.13% of that of reference standard in ABTS and DPPH assay, respectively. GC-MS analysis of the extract revealed the presence of 17 phytocompounds. MTT assay revealed that this extract (SB19) had promising cytotoxic activity against the two cancer cell lines, HCT116 and HeLa with inhibitory concentration 50% IC50 values of 25.86±0.21 μg/ml and 39.89±0.11 μg/ml, respectively. The extract treatment caused significant arrest in G2M phase of cell cycle.Conclusion: A. pavonina (stem) extract displayed significant antioxidant and antiproliferative activity and can be considered as a potential candidate drug for anticancer studies.

In silico prediction and molecular docking study on the interaction of bioactive compounds of Adenanthera pavonina exploring the potential antifungal activity against Candida glabrata cell wall proteins

“…[10][11][12][13][14][15] A. pavonina has promising bioprotective activities, including anti-inflammatory activities, [16] blood pressurelowering effect [17] antifungal, antioxidant, cytotoxic, and antiproliferative activities. [18,19] Bioinformatics and Computational biology plays a prominent role in designing drug molecules and enhances the probability of accelerating the drug discovery process. Molecular docking is utilized as a tool in structurebased drug design and refers to predicting the bioactive conformation of a molecule in the binding site of a target structure.…”

Medicinal plants commonly used against cancer in traditional medicine formulae in Sri Lanka

“…This member of the Leguminosae family is mostly given for leukaemia and lymphoma. A number of active compounds have been isolated from this plant, including arginine, cysteine, arachidonic acid, β-sitosterol, dulcitol, echinocystic acid, glutamic acid, lignoceric acid, oxalic acid, malonic acid and octacosanol (Mujahid et al, 2016, Bhadran et al, 2017). Researchers have reported that a combination of equal proportions of Adenanthera pavonina and Thespesia populnea bark in the form of a decoction showed anti-proliferative effects (inhibition of cell survival: 78.54% at 160 µg/ml of decoction); with the induction of apoptosis in HEp-2 cells (cervical cancer), and that the same combination showed high anti-oxidant activity as well (Lindamulage and Soysa, 2016, Silva and Soysa, 2011).…”

“…These investigations have shown that this plant has high anti-oxidant activity and acts as a free radical scavenger. Studies have also shown that this plant is able to arrest the gap2/mitosis phase in the cell cycle in cancer cells along with apoptotic induction (Silva and Soysa, 2011, Bhadran et al, 2017). Moreover, Kumar et al, revealed that when male Swiss albino mice were induced with Dalton's ascitic lymphoma, Adenanthera pavonina stem extract (250 mg/kg daily) restored the haemoglobin and red blood cell content to near normal levels, along with a reduction of viable cancer cells compared to control; certain chemotherapy drugs do reduce blood cell count levels, and herbal preparations of this plant may help as an additive in such conditions (Arihara Siva Kumar et al, 2017).…”