Screening of antifungal susceptibility in cave-dwelling aspergilli and report of an amphotericin B-resistant Aspergillus flavus

Taylor, E. P.; Ferreira, Gabriella Freitas; Freitas, Gustavo José Cota de; Ferreira, Rodrigo Lopes; Santos, Daniel de Assis; Resende-Stoianoff, Maria de

doi:10.5038/1827-806x.46.3.2105

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Detection of an amphotericin B resistant strain of A. flavus isolated from a cave in Brazil having a MIC value of 4 μg/mL supports this notion [132]. Though mechanisms of amphotericin B resistance is not known in A. flavus , it appears that it may be due to higher ergosterol levels and increased enzymatic activity of the peroxidase and superoxide dismutase, with lower lipid peroxidation [132].…”

Section: Antifungal Resistancementioning

confidence: 98%

Invasive Aspergillosis by Aspergillus flavus: Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Antifungal Resistance, and Management

Rudramurthy

Paul

Chakrabarti

et al. 2019

JoF

183

143

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Aspergillus flavus is the second most common etiological agent of invasive aspergillosis (IA) after A. fumigatus. However, most literature describes IA in relation to A. fumigatus or together with other Aspergillus species. Certain differences exist in IA caused by A. flavus and A. fumigatus and studies on A. flavus infections are increasing. Hence, we performed a comprehensive updated review on IA due to A. flavus. A. flavus is the cause of a broad spectrum of human diseases predominantly in Asia, the Middle East, and Africa possibly due to its ability to survive better in hot and arid climatic conditions compared to other Aspergillus spp. Worldwide, ~10% of cases of bronchopulmonary aspergillosis are caused by A. flavus. Outbreaks have usually been associated with construction activities as invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in immunocompromised patients and cutaneous, subcutaneous, and mucosal forms in immunocompetent individuals. Multilocus microsatellite typing is well standardized to differentiate A. flavus isolates into different clades. A. flavus is intrinsically resistant to polyenes. In contrast to A. fumigatus, triazole resistance infrequently occurs in A. flavus and is associated with mutations in the cyp51C gene. Overexpression of efflux pumps in non-wildtype strains lacking mutations in the cyp51 gene can also lead to high voriconazole minimum inhibitory concentrations. Voriconazole remains the drug of choice for treatment, and amphotericin B should be avoided. Primary therapy with echinocandins is not the first choice but the combination with voriconazole or as monotherapy may be used when the azoles and amphotericin B are contraindicated.

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Section: Antifungal Resistancementioning

confidence: 98%

Invasive Aspergillosis by Aspergillus flavus: Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Antifungal Resistance, and Management

Rudramurthy

Paul

Chakrabarti

et al. 2019

JoF

183

143

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“…Although there is very little literature on A. flavus being responsible for endogenous Aspergillus endophthalmitis in immunocompetent individuals, this is well recognized for immunocompromised individuals. A clinical study showed a 23-year-old female presented with a history of taking steroids for the past year developing A. flavus endophthalmitis that led to sudden vision loss [ 57 ]. About 34% of trauma cases were associated with A. flavus endophthalmitis [ 13 ].…”

Section: Aspergillus Species and Endophthalmitismentioning

confidence: 99%

Aspergillus Endophthalmitis: Epidemiology, Pathobiology, and Current Treatments

Khambati

Wright

Das

et al. 2022

JoF

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Fungal endophthalmitis is one of the leading causes of vision loss worldwide. Post-operative and traumatic injuries are major contributing factors resulting in ocular fungal infections in healthy and, more importantly, immunocompromised individuals. Among the fungal pathogens, the Aspergillus species, Aspergillus fumigatus, continues to be more prevalent in fungal endophthalmitis patients. However, due to overlapping clinical symptoms with other endophthalmitis etiology, fungal endophthalmitis pose a challenge in its diagnosis and treatment. Hence, it is critical to understand its pathobiology to develop and deploy proper therapeutic interventions for combating Aspergillus infections. This review highlights the different modes of Aspergillus transmission and the host immune response during endophthalmitis. Additionally, we discuss recent advancements in the diagnosis of fungal endophthalmitis. Finally, we comprehensively summarize various antifungal regimens and surgical options for the treatment of Aspergillus endophthalmitis.

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“…Diaz et al identified antibiotic resistance genes in three different habitats across a permafrost thaw gradient within a pristine Arctic wetland. Taylor et al found amphotericin B resistance in fungal Aspergilus spp. isolated from pristine caves in Brazil.…”

Section: Incidence Of Arbs In the Environment Foodstuffs And Clinical...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria in Municipal Wastes: Is There Reason for Concern?

Pepper

Brooks

Gerba

2018

Environ. Sci. Technol.

120

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Recently, there has been increased concern about the presence of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistant genes (ARG), in treated domestic wastewaters, animal manures and municipal biosolids. The concern is whether these additional sources of ARB contribute to antibiotic resistance levels in the environment, that is, "environmental antibiotic resistance." ARB and ARG occur naturally in soil and water, and it remains unclear whether the introduction of ARB in liquid and solid municipal and animal wastes via land application have any significant impact on the background levels of antibiotic resistance in the environment, and whether they affect human exposure to ARB. In this current review, we examine and re-evaluate the incidence of ARB and ARG resulting from land application activities, and offer a new perspective on the threat of antibiotic resistance to public health via exposure from nonclinical environmental sources. Based on inputs of ARBs and ARGs from land application, their fate in soil due to soil microbial ecology principles, and background indigenous levels of ARBs and ARGs already present in soil, we conclude that while antibiotic resistance levels in soil are increased temporally by land application of wastes, their persistence is not guaranteed and is in fact variable, and often contradictory based on application site. Furthermore, the application of wastes may not produce the most direct impact of ARGs and ARB on public health. Further investigation is still warranted in agriculture and public health, including continued scrutiny of antibiotic use in both sectors.

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Screening of antifungal susceptibility in cave-dwelling aspergilli and report of an amphotericin B-resistant Aspergillus flavus

Cited by 8 publications

References 19 publications

Invasive Aspergillosis by Aspergillus flavus: Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Antifungal Resistance, and Management

Invasive Aspergillosis by Aspergillus flavus: Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Antifungal Resistance, and Management

Aspergillus Endophthalmitis: Epidemiology, Pathobiology, and Current Treatments

Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria in Municipal Wastes: Is There Reason for Concern?

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