Screening of anti-microbial, anti-biofilm activity, and cytotoxicity analysis of a designed polyherbal formulation against shigellosis

Abstract

Background Shigellosis is an infectious intestinal disease common in rural communities. In developing countries, shigellosis is caused predominantly by Shigella flexneri and has been determined as a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Objective The study investigates the anti-biofilm, anti-microbial, and anti-shigellosis activity of a designed formulation. Materials and methods The potential of the formulation against S. flexneri (MTCC 1457) was investigated using a well-diffusion assay. Further, the effect of the designed formulation on bacterial growth and biofilm formation was analyzed by the spectrophotometry method. Anti-quorum sensing activity was analyzed using Chromobacterium violaceum CV026, a bacterial strain. Finally, the cytotoxicity of the formulation was examined by using cell line and brine shrimp lethality assay. Results The MIC value of the aqueous extract of the formulation was 2.4 mg ml −1 and an inhibitory zone of 23 mm was observed. On the other side, the formulation significantly inhibited the bacterial growth, biofilm formation (23.78%), violacein inhibition (27.68%) at 0.6 mg ml −1 concentration (did not significantly affect the growth curves) and was found non-toxic in cell assay and brine shrimp lethality assay. Conclusion According to the result obtained, the designed formulation was found effective and non-toxic, so it can be used to treat shigellosis and Shigella -related infections.

Evaluation of Biofilm Inhibitory Efficacy of Bacopa monnieri, Acalypha indica and Calotropis gigantea Extracts and their Combination Against Wound Colonizing Bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus Aureus

“…53,54 The significant percentage biofilm inhibition exhibited by the EC in all the three sets of extracts' concentrations has pointed to the advantage of polyherbal combination in treating wound infection. 55 The same pattern was reported by Jose et al 54 where they showed a promising percentage of biofilm inhibition of a herbal combination against toxigenic Vibrio cholerae at a relatively lower concentration compared to the individual plants extracts. Different phytoconstituents in herbal combinations have been reported to simultaneously inhibit diverse QS-regulated virulence factors' production.…”

Evaluation of anti-biofilm, anti-quorum, anti-dysenteric potential of designed polyherbal formulation: in vitro and in vivo study

“…The disruption of the microbial cell to cell communication by oils and plant extracts is due to their various active compounds that mimic the quorum sensing signaling molecules, or may accelerate their degradation (Vattem et al, 2007). The formulation reduces the S. flexneri (67.94%), S. enterica (65.56%), E. coli (51.94%) biofilm formation in comparison with the control, and also possesses anti-QS and antimicrobial properties (Alibi et al, 2020;Koh and Tham, 2011;Singh et al, 2021).…”

“…Several studies confirm that the compound inhibiting biofilm will also inhibit quorum-sensing (QS) (Singh et al, 2021). Currently, there is a greater global interest in non-synthetic, natural drugs derived from herbal sources, owing to better tolerance and minimum adverse drug effects.…”

The Potential Impact of Probiotics on Human Health: An Update on Their Health-Promoting Properties

“…According to data in the literature, the advancement of the epithelial barrier, increased adhesion to the intestinal mucosa, production of antibacterial substances, competitive exclusion of pathogens, simultaneous suppression of bacterial adhesion, and modulation of the immune system are some of the main mechanisms of action of probiotics [ 87 , 88 , 89 , 90 , 91 ] ( Figure 1 ).…”