Screening of aflatoxin B1 and mycobiota related to raw materials and finished feed destined for fish

Gonçalves-Nunes, Etelvina María Carvalho; Gomes-Pereira, Maria M.; Costa, Amilton Paulo Raposo; Rosa, Carlos Alberto da Rocha; Pereyra, Carina Maricel; Calvet, Rodrigo Maciel; Alves-Marques, Ana L.; Filho, Francisco das Chagas Cardoso; Muratori, Maria Christina Sanches

doi:10.3856/vol43-issue3-fulltext-22

Cited by 13 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Carvalho Gonçalves‐Nunes et al 30 . studied the mycobiota in raw materials and in fish feed and found nine genera, the most prevalent were the Aspergillus isolates, including Aspergillus flavus , and the genera Penicillium and Fusarium .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These factors added to inadequate handling and storage practices, especially in developing countries, increases the risk of contamination by mycotoxigenic mold. 18,28,29 Carvalho Gonçalves-Nunes et al 30 studied the mycobiota in raw materials and in fish feed and found nine genera, the most prevalent were the Aspergillus isolates, including Aspergillus flavus, and the genera Penicillium and Fusarium. Barbosa et al 23 identified mycobiota of fish feed from the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, the prevalence of the genus Cladosporium, besides the genera Aspergillus and Penicillium, and other less frequent were Wallemia, Eurotium, Aureobasidium, Mucor and Nigrospora.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fish feed mycobiota and aflatoxins in round fish tissues

et al. 2021

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BACKGROUND: Round fish is one of the most consumed fish in Brazil. Farmed fish feed is based mainly on grains, which are susceptible to contamination by mold and mycotoxins. Aspergillus spp., Penicillium spp. and Fusarium spp. are the major mycotoxins producers. The presence of potentially toxigenic fungi in the diet is a concern due to the possibility of cumulative toxins in fish tissues, becoming a risk to food safety. This study aims to assess the mycobiota of fish feed and the occurrence of aflatoxin residues in round fish tissues. Feed and fish samples were collected from fish farming and fish pay properties. Feed was submitted to mold counting and mold identification. The round fish liver and muscle were submitted to the detection and quantification of aflatoxins B 1 , B 2 , G 1 and G 2 by high-performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS: In evaluated feed, mold counts in the samples ranged from 2.0 to 4.7 log colony forming units g −1 and the major genera found were Penicillium (61.5%) and Aspergillus (34.6). Aflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1 ) was detected in 70% liver samples and 43.3% muscle samples, at levels up to 5.70 and 1.13 ∼g kg −1 , respectively. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that, although the levels were lower than those recommended by Brazilian legislation, round fish are being exposed to diets naturally contaminated by aflatoxins and are susceptible to toxins accumulation in tissues. Therefore, regulations regarding feed should consider limits for mold and aflatoxin contamination in fish edible tissues should be monitored in order to ensure consumers' safety.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fish feed mycobiota and aflatoxins in round fish tissues

et al. 2021

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“…Research conducted in Brazil on the presence of AFB 1 in fish feed commercialized in the Northeast region showed average levels of 3.8 µg kg −1 [ 48 ]. Barbosa et al [ 49 ] found that 55 and 3.3% of feed samples marketed in the Midwest region were contaminated with AFB 1 and OTA, respectively, at detectable levels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring of Mycotoxigenic Fungi in Fish Farm Water and Fumonisins in Feeds for Farmed Colossoma macropomum

Sousa Terada-Nascimento,

Vieira Dantas-Filho,

Temponi-Santos

et al. 2023

Toxics

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This study aimed to evaluate the occurrence of mycotoxigenic fungi in fish farm water and mycotoxins in feeds for farmed tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum). A total of 40 samples of freshwater from fish farms and 16 samples of feed were collected and analyzed for microbiology. A total of five species of free-living fungi were identified in fish farms: Aspergillus fumigatus, Penicillium citrinum, P. implicatum, Fusarium oxysporum and Alternaria alternata. These fungi species were counted in water samples at 35.14 CFU mL−1 and 24.69 CFU mL−1 in the dry seasons. In all fish farms, there was a higher abundance of fungi species in the rainy season. During visits to the fish farmers, it was possible to verify poor feed storage conditions. Concerning mutations in blood cells, in tambaqui (C. macropomum), a total of 159 anomalies were found, and in Leptodactylus petersii, 299 anomalies were found, with higher incidences in conditions above 1.0 CFU mL−1 in log10(x+1) fungi and in the rainy season. The occurrence of mycotoxicological contamination was confirmed in 81.25% of the analyzed samples. The quantified mycotoxin was Fumonisins B1 + B2 (375 to 1418 μg kg−1). Pearson’s correlation analysis showed a significant positive correlation between Fumonisins and feed samples (r = 0.83). There was also a significant positive correlation between the abundance of fungi in water and the quantification of Fumonisins (r = 0.79). Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that free-living fungi can be used as bioindicators of water quality in fish farms. Consequently, the lack of good management practices caused microbiological contamination of the aquatic environment.

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“…In fish breeding tanks, excessive phytoplankton proliferation can cause oxygen shortening during the night and oxygen supersaturation during the day, which may cause gill obstruction and the appearance of secondary cyanobacterial metabolism products, which cause unpleasant taste in fish (Datta & Jana, 1998;Gonçalves-Nunes et al, 2015;Macedo & Sipaúba-Tavares, 2010).…”

Section: Ta B L Ementioning

confidence: 99%

Quality of water from fish farms and histopathological analysis of tilapia ( Oreochromis sp.) in São José de Ribamar and Paço do Lumiar, state of Maranhão, Brazil

Nascimento

Pereira

Martins

et al. 2021

Aquaculture Research

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The present work aimed to use histopathological gill biomarkers in tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) and physicochemical and microbiological analyses of water in the evaluation of impacts to fish farms located in São José de Ribamar and Paço do Lumiar, state of Maranhão, northeastern Brazil. Histopathological analyses performed on gills indicated morphological alterations in all tissues analysed. The lesions found were as follows: epithelial lifting, lamellar epithelium hyperplasia, blood vessel congestion, lamellar fusion, blood sinus dilation and lamellar aneurysm. Temperature, D.O., salinity and nitrite values obtained were considered within recommended standards. The pH verified in a pisciculture located in Paço do Lumiar is considered potentially stressful to fish and, therefore, predisposing to pathologies. Ammonia in a fish farm in São José de Ribamar is considered sublethal. In all fish farms evaluated, the presence of high counts of total coliforms for fish farms of São José de Ribamar was verified. Escherichia coli was verified in a cultivation in São José de Ribamar indicating faecal contamination of the nursery water by the flow of some source of domestic effluent. The integration of studies with physical, chemical and biological variables generates important data to evaluate the quality of fish production.

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Screening of aflatoxin B1 and mycobiota related to raw materials and finished feed destined for fish

Cited by 13 publications

References 18 publications

Fish feed mycobiota and aflatoxins in round fish tissues

Fish feed mycobiota and aflatoxins in round fish tissues

Monitoring of Mycotoxigenic Fungi in Fish Farm Water and Fumonisins in Feeds for Farmed Colossoma macropomum

Quality of water from fish farms and histopathological analysis of tilapia ( Oreochromis sp.) in São José de Ribamar and Paço do Lumiar, state of Maranhão, Brazil

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