Screening‐Level Estimates of Environmental Release Rates, Predicted Exposures, and Toxic Pressures of Currently Used Chemicals

Meent, Dik van de; Zwart, Dick de; Posthuma, Leo

doi:10.1002/etc.4801

Cited by 17 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 46 publications

(78 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…solut ions-proje ct. eu/, [9,10]). The integrative ER approach used in the SOLUTIONS project has been thoroughly tested by making calculations for nearly 2000 different chemicals that are currently in use in the EU [11]. The SOLUTIONS method, which fully accounts for variability and uncertainty, is known as probabilistic risk assessment [12] and has been introduced and applied both in environmental [12] and human health-oriented risk assessment [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expected Risk as basis for assessment of safe use of chemicals

Meent

Zwart²,

Struijs

et al. 2023

Environ Sci Eur

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This paper describes a straightforward modeling procedure to derive ‘expected risk’ (ER) of chemical substances. Starting from proposed use volumes, intended uses, physical and chemical substance properties and toxicity information, the procedure combines multimedia environmental fate modeling with species sensitivity modeling to derive the probability that exposure concentrations exceed critical effect concentrations. The procedure was tested on 1977 so-called mono-constituent organic chemicals that had been registered to be marketed in the EU, after ‘possibility to be used safely’ had been demonstrated by showing that the possible Risk Quotients (RQ) defined as PEC/PNEC ratios (Predicted Exposure Concentration & Predicted No Effect Concentration) were expected to remain below the value of 1, as required by REACH. It appears from this study that (i) RQ and ER of chemicals can be calculated readily, reliably, transparently and reproducibly, that (ii) both RQ and ER can be used to assess whether a new chemical may exceed a chosen acceptability level, but that (iii) in addition ER can be straightforwardly used to rank chemicals according to expected environmental safety. In conclusion, the paper states that modeling ER of chemicals (instead of estimating RQ values), could strengthen the scientific basis of environmental risk assessment for use in REACH. The paper further recommends that more robust environmental risk calculation can be done by using acute EC50, instead of chronic NOEC as critical effect concentration.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expected Risk as basis for assessment of safe use of chemicals

Meent

Zwart²,

Struijs

et al. 2023

Environ Sci Eur

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…New approach methodologies (NAMs) are being developed to address data gaps in estimates of emissions ( Li and Wania 2016 ; Tao et al. 2018 ; van de Meent et al. 2020 ), hazard ( Gocht et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2015 ). Tools are being developed to improve the mechanistic understanding of chemical fate in the socioeconomic system (i.e., the technosphere), comprising all activities throughout the chemical life cycle (e.g., production, industrial processes, use, waste disposal) ( Li and Wania 2016 ; Li 2020b ; van de Meent et al. 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The general paucity of chemical input information often precludes the application of exposure-and risk-based models (Egeghy et al 2011;Wetmore et al 2012). New approach methodologies (NAMs) are being developed to address data gaps in estimates of emissions (Li and Wania 2016;Tao et al 2018;van de Meent et al 2020), hazard (Gocht et al 2015;Judson et al 2010;Tice et al 2013), exposure (Shin et al 2015;Wambaugh et al 2019), and risk (National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine 2017; Patlewicz et al 2018;Wetmore et al 2015). Notably, a key source of uncertainty in exposure and risk estimation is uncertainty in chemical use and emission rates (Arnot et al 2012;Breivik et al 2012;Ring et al 2019;Shin et al 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Notably, a key source of uncertainty in exposure and risk estimation is uncertainty in chemical use and emission rates (Arnot et al 2012;Breivik et al 2012;Ring et al 2019;Shin et al 2015). Tools are being developed to improve the mechanistic understanding of chemical fate in the socioeconomic system (i.e., the technosphere), comprising all activities throughout the chemical life cycle (e.g., production, industrial processes, use, waste disposal) (Li and Wania 2016;Li 2020b;van de Meent et al 2020). Quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR), quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR), and quantitative structure-use relationship (QSUR)-collectively referred to as QSXR-have also been advanced to provide reliable estimates of physicochemical properties, use function, toxicokinetics, and environmental end points for a wider spectrum of chemicals (Arnot et al 2014;Brown et al 2019;Mansouri et al 2018;Papa et al 2014Papa et al , 2018Phillips et al 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Development and Evaluation of a Holistic and Mechanistic Modeling Framework for Chemical Emissions, Fate, Exposure, and Risk

Sangion

Wania

et al. 2021

Environ Health Perspect

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Large numbers of chemicals require evaluation to determine if their production and use pose potential risks to ecological and human health. For most chemicals, the inadequacy and uncertainty of chemical-specific data severely limit the application of exposure- and risk-based methods for screening-level assessments, priority setting, and effective management. Objective: We developed and evaluated a holistic, mechanistic modeling framework for ecological and human health assessments to support the safe and sustainable production, use, and disposal of organic chemicals. Methods: We consolidated various models for simulating the PROduction-To-EXposure (PROTEX) continuum with empirical data sets and models for predicting chemical property and use function information to enable high-throughput (HT) exposure and risk estimation. The new PROTEX-HT framework calculates exposure and risk by integrating mechanistic computational modules describing chemical behavior and fate in the socioeconomic system (i.e., life cycle emissions), natural and indoor environments, various ecological receptors, and humans. PROTEX-HT requires only molecular structure and chemical tonnage (i.e., annual production or consumption volume) as input information. We evaluated the PROTEX-HT framework using 95 organic chemicals commercialized in the United States and demonstrated its application in various exposure and risk assessment contexts. Results: Seventy-nine percent and 97% of the PROTEX-HT human exposure predictions were within one and two orders of magnitude, respectively, of independent human exposure estimates inferred from biomonitoring data. PROTEX-HT supported screening and ranking chemicals based on various exposure and risk metrics, setting chemical-specific maximum allowable tonnage based on user-defined toxicological thresholds, and identifying the most relevant emission sources, environmental media, and exposure routes of concern in the PROTEX continuum. The case study shows that high chemical tonnage did not necessarily result in high exposure or health risks. Conclusion: Requiring only two chemical-specific pieces of information, PROTEX-HT enables efficient screening-level evaluations of existing and premanufacture chemicals in various exposure- and risk-based contexts. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP9372

show abstract

Chemical Mixtures and Multiple Stressors: Same but Different?

Schäfer

Jackson

Juvigny‐Khenafou

et al. 2023

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Ecosystems are strongly influenced by multiple anthropogenic stressors, including a wide range of chemicals and their mixtures. Studies on the effects of multiple stressors have largely focussed on nonchemical stressors, whereas studies on chemical mixtures have largely ignored other stressors. However, both research areas face similar challenges and require similar tools and methods to predict the joint effects of chemicals or nonchemical stressors, and frameworks to integrate multiple chemical and nonchemical stressors are missing. We provide an overview of the research paradigms, tools, and methods commonly used in multiple stressor and chemical mixture research and discuss potential domains of cross‐fertilization and joint challenges. First, we compare the general paradigms of ecotoxicology and (applied) ecology to explain the historical divide. Subsequently, we compare methods and approaches for the identification of interactions, stressor characterization, and designing experiments. We suggest that both multiple stressor and chemical mixture research are too focused on interactions and would benefit from integration regarding null model selection. Stressor characterization is typically more costly for chemical mixtures. While for chemical mixtures comprehensive classification systems at suborganismal level have been developed, recent classification systems for multiple stressors account for environmental context. Both research areas suffer from rather simplified experimental designs that focus on only a limited number of stressors, chemicals, and treatments. We discuss concepts that can guide more realistic designs capturing spatiotemporal stressor dynamics. We suggest that process‐based and data‐driven models are particularly promising to tackle the challenge of prediction of effects of chemical mixtures and nonchemical stressors on (meta‐)communities and (meta‐)food webs. We propose a framework to integrate the assessment of effects for multiple stressors and chemical mixtures. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;00:1–22. © 2023 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.

show abstract

Screening‐Level Estimates of Environmental Release Rates, Predicted Exposures, and Toxic Pressures of Currently Used Chemicals

Cited by 17 publications

References 46 publications

Expected Risk as basis for assessment of safe use of chemicals

Expected Risk as basis for assessment of safe use of chemicals

Development and Evaluation of a Holistic and Mechanistic Modeling Framework for Chemical Emissions, Fate, Exposure, and Risk

Chemical Mixtures and Multiple Stressors: Same but Different?

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About