Screening immune adjuvants for an inactivated vaccine against Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

Abstract

In this study, we screened adjuvants for an inactivated vaccine against Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae (E. rhusiopathiae). Inactivated cells of E. rhusiopathiae strain HG-1 were prepared as the antigen in five adjuvanted inactivated vaccines, including a mineral-oil-adjuvanted vaccine (Oli vaccine), aluminum-hydroxide-gel-adjuvanted vaccine (Alh vaccine), ISA201-biphasic-oil-emulsion-adjuvanted vaccine (ISA201 vaccine), GEL02-water-soluble-polymer-adjuvanted vaccine (GEL vaccine), and IMS1313-water-soluble-nanoparticle-adjuvanted vaccine (IMS1313 vaccine). The safety test results of subcutaneous inoculation in mice showed that Oli vaccine had the most severe side effects, with a combined score of 35, followed by the ISA201 vaccine (25 points), Alh vaccine (20 points), GEL vaccine (10 points), and IMS1313 vaccine (10 points). A dose of 1.5LD50 of strain HG-1 was used to challenge the mice intraperitoneally, 14 days after their second immunization. The protective efficacy of Oli vaccine and Alh vaccine was 100% (8/8), whereas that of the other three adjuvanted vaccines was 88% (7/8). Challenge with 2.5LD50 of strain HG-1 resulted in a 100% survival rate, demonstrating the 100% protective efficacy of the Oli vaccine, followed by the GEL vaccine (71%, 5/7), IMS1313 vaccine (57%, 4/7), ISA201 vaccine (43%, 3/7), and Alh vaccine (29%, 2/7). Challenge with 4LD50 of strain HG-1 showed 100% (7/7) protective efficacy of the Oli vaccine and 71% (5/7) protective efficacy of the GEL vaccine, whereas the protective efficacy of other three adjuvanted vaccine was 14% (1/7). The Alh and GEL vaccines were selected for comparative tests in piglets, and both caused minor side effects. A second immunization with these two adjuvanted vaccines conferred 60 and 100% protective efficacy, respectively, after the piglets were challenged via an ear vein with 8LD100 of strain HG-1. After challenge with 16LD100 of strain HG-1, the Alh and GEL vaccines showed 40% and 100% protective efficacy, respectively. Our results suggested that GEL is the optimal adjuvant for an inactivated vaccine against E. rhusiopathiae.

A Recombinant Chimera Vaccine Composed of LTB and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae Antigens P97R1, mhp390 and P46 Elicits Cellular Immunologic Response in Mice

“…This adjuvant has been extensively employed in vaccine research to prevent diseases in porcine, avian, and fish species [ 30 , 31 , 32 ]. It offers a substantial improvement in immune response while maintaining an equivalent safety profile to aluminum adjuvant [ 33 ].…”

The Immune Efficacy of Inactivated Pseudorabies Vaccine Prepared from FJ-2012ΔgE/gI Strain

“…MONTANIDE TM GEL02 is a range of ready-to-disperse innovative polymeric adjuvants: they have a slow release due to their polymer adsorption properties and they improve the recruitment of the innate immune system. GEL02 has been reported to enhance the vaccine immune response to porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), Streptococcus agalactiae ( S. agalactiae ), and Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae ( E. rhusiopathiae ) [ 51 , 52 , 53 ]. ISA 206VG is a group of water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) adjuvants that induce short- and long-term protective immune responses because of their continuous aqueous phase emulsion structure.…”

Recombinant vaccine candidates with integrated adjuvants provide stimulation of an effective immune response against bacterial infections

“…Применение рекомбинантных белков в качестве вакцинных препаратов ограничивается их слабой иммуногенностью [6]. Иммунный ответ можно усилить за счет применения адъювантов, выбор которых чрезвычайно велик [7], если речь идет о решении экспериментальных задач, и очень незначителен для использования в практическом здравоохранении [8], поскольку адъюванты, введенные в состав профилактической вакцины, должны давать минимальные побочные реакции, что не всегда соответствует действительности [9]. С этой точки зрения может представлять интерес идея включения в состав молекулы рекомбинантного белка полипептидных последовательностей, обладающих потенциалом иммуностимуляции.…”