Screening for skin-sensitizing allergens among patients with clinically suspected allergic contact dermatitis

Shakoor, Zahid; Al-Mutairi, Ahlam S; Al-Shenaifi, Afnan M; Al-Abdulsalam, Areej M; Al-Shirah, Bashayer Z; Alharbi, Shahad

doi:10.15537/smj.2017.9.19864

Cited by 12 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…In addition to metals, the other common allergens identified included thimerosal, colophony, carba mix, fragrance mix, balsam of Peru and formaldehyde. The frequency of positive patch test results in the patients (62.2%) as well as clear predominance of women among applicants with eczema, are within the range of results available in literature ( 9 , 10 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Analysis of Epicutaneous Patch Test Results in Patients with Contact Dermatitis

Kasumagić-Halilovic

Ovčina-Kurtović

2018

Med Arch

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Background:Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is a delayed type of hypersensitivity from contact with a specific allergen to which the patients has developed a specific sensitivity. The aim of the study was to evaluate the results of epicutaneous patch testing with standard series of contact allergen in patients suspected to have ACD.Methods:355 cases of ACD were included in the study. Test substances were applied on the upper part of the patient’s back, on clinically uninvolved and untreated skin. All patients were free from therapy with oral antihistamines, steroids and immunosuppressants. The patch test was removed and reaction were evaluated after 48 h and 72 h. Grading of negative (-) to positive (+ to ++++) patch test was done according to the International Contact Dermatitis Research Group. Statistical data analysis was performed by using χ2–test.Results:Of the 355 cases, 146 patients were male (41.1%) and 209 were female (58.9%). The youngest patients in the study was 16 years of age and the oldest was 67 years of age. The commonest age group affected was 41-50 years. Hands were the most common site of involvement. The occupational character of skin lesions was find in 75 (21.1%). The most common positive reactions were recorded to nickel sulphate 99 (27.8%), cobalt chloride 46 (12.9%), thimerosal 31 (8.7%), colophony 23 (6.5%), carba mix 21 (5.9%), potassium dichromate 20 (5.6%), acid chromici 19 (5.3%), fragrance mix 18 (5%), balsam of Peru 13 (3.7%), formaldehyde 9 (2.5%), and other allergens 26 (7.3%). Females were significantly more likely to show a positive response to two or more allergens (p<0.05). There was no statistically significant impact of age, occupation and duration of disease on results of patch testing (p>0.05).Conclusions:Our results indicate that nickel sulphate, cobalt chloride and thimerosal are the most common allergens responsible for induction of ACD. These findings are crucial in the treatment, long term management, an education of patients with ACD.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Analysis of Epicutaneous Patch Test Results in Patients with Contact Dermatitis

Kasumagić-Halilovic

Ovčina-Kurtović

2018

Med Arch

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“…In the study done by Watts et al 12 and Shakoor et al 21 the most common allergen was nickel sulphate like ours. However, second most common allergen in their study was PPD.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Study of Common Allergens in Patients with Allergic Contact Dermatitis: A Hospital Based Study

et al. 2021

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Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is one of the most common diseases presenting to the Dermatology department. The one and only method of preventing as well as treating this disease is avoidance of the allergen causing it. The identification of the allergen causing the ACD is possible by performing patch testing. The purpose of this study was to identify common allergens among patients with ACD using Indian standard series (ISS) of patch test. Clinically suspected cases of ACD were included in the hospital based cross-sectional study from January to December 2017. These cases underwent patch testing with the ISS. The study assessed the following variables: sex, age, occupation, site and positive patch test results. There were a total of 58 patients among which, 36.2% were males and 63.8% were females with a mean age of 32.36±12.51 years. Positive patch test reactions were seen in 63.0% of patients. The most common allergens were nickel sulphate (51.4%), fragrance mix (37.8%), potassium dichromate (8.1%), colophony (8.1%) and black rubber mix (8.1%). Among male, most common allergens were fragrance mix (57.1%), nickel sulphate (28.6%) and potassium dichromate (21.4%) while in female, most common allergens were nickel sulphate (65.2%) and fragrance mix (26.1%). In our study, majority of the allergens were positive. Hence, the ISS used in the study might be suitable in the context of Nepalese population. However, further similar studies on large number of patients with multiple allergens are required to determine the exact number of contact allergens prevalent in our population.

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“…Boonchai & Iamtharachai [18] found a higher incidence of sensitivity to gold (30.7%) compared to nickel (27.6%) in their study of adults in Thailand. Shakoor et al [16] and How et al [17] also reported reasonably high incidences of sensitivity to gold in their studies on adults in Saudi Arabia (13.5%) and Malaysia (15.2%). In comparison, Fowler et al [19] reported the 9.5% of their patients with suspected contact allergy in North America had a sensitivity to gold.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…There may be several reasons for this: firstly, gold is present in the TRUE Test1 panel 3 but does not feature in some other patch test series, such as the European baseline series and it is only in the last two decades that gold has really been accepted as a potentially significant allergen [15]. Finally, it may be that sensitivity to gold is more common in certain populations, such as southeast Asian and Middle Eastern populations [16][17][18], where higher rates of sensitivity to gold are reported in the literature. Boonchai & Iamtharachai [18] found a higher incidence of sensitivity to gold (30.7%) compared to nickel (27.6%) in their study of adults in Thailand.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patch test results in paediatric patients with atopic dermatitis in Laos

et al. 2020

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Background Dermatological services in Laos, South East Asia are limited mainly to the capital and patch testing is currently not available, so no data exists regarding the common cutaneous allergens in this population. Objectives The aim of this study was to document common allergens in paediatric patients with atopic dermatitis attending the allergy clinic in the capital, Vientiane. Patients/Materials/Methods Fifty paediatric patients with atopic dermatitis were patch tested using TRUE Test® panels 1 to 3 (35 allergens). Readings were taken at Days 2 and 4. Results Twenty-six positive patch tests were recorded on Day 4 in 15 children (30%). The most common allergens were: gold (18%), nickel (10%), formaldehyde (6%) and p-Phenylenediamine (6%). Other positive allergens were potassium dichromate (2%), cobalt dichloride (2%), Bronopol (2%), paraben mix (2%), fragrance mix 1 (2%) and neomycin (2%). The majority of the patients with positive reactions were female. Conclusions This study represents the first documented patch test results in the Lao population. It is hoped that these findings will help clinicians to advise the families of children with atopic dermatitis on common allergens to avoid and inform future work on contact dermatitis in this population.

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Screening for skin-sensitizing allergens among patients with clinically suspected allergic contact dermatitis

Cited by 12 publications

References 38 publications

Analysis of Epicutaneous Patch Test Results in Patients with Contact Dermatitis

Analysis of Epicutaneous Patch Test Results in Patients with Contact Dermatitis

Study of Common Allergens in Patients with Allergic Contact Dermatitis: A Hospital Based Study

Patch test results in paediatric patients with atopic dermatitis in Laos

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