Screening for Prostate Cancer

Carlsson, Sigrid; Vickers, Andrew

doi:10.1016/j.mcna.2020.08.007

Cited by 108 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Despite low specificity, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is routinely used for PCa detection. However, its inability to discriminate between indolent and aggressive cancers causes overdiagnosis and overtreatment [63]. Following detection of raised serum PSA levels, patients are subjected to invasive prostate biopsy to histologically confirm the presence of PCa.…”

Section: Prostate Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Urinary Extracellular Vesicles as Potential Biomarkers for Urologic Cancers: An Overview of Current Methods and Advances

Lourenço

Constâncio

Henrique

et al. 2021

Cancers

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Urologic cancers are a heterogeneous group of tumors, some of which have poor prognosis. This is partly due to the unavailability of specific and sensitive diagnostic techniques and monitoring tests, ideally non- or minimally invasive. Hence, liquid biopsies are promising tools that have been gaining significant attention over the last decade. Among the different classes of biomarkers that can be isolated from biofluids, urinary extracellular vesicles (uEVs) are a promising low-invasive source of biomarkers, with the potential to improve cancer diagnosis and disease management. Different techniques have been developed to isolate and characterize the cargo of these vesicles; however, no consensus has been reached, challenging the comparison among studies. This results in a vast number of studies portraying an extensive list of uEV-derived candidate biomarkers for urologic cancers, with the potential to improve clinical outcome; however, without significant validation. Herein, we review the current published research on miRNA and protein-derived uEV for prostate, bladder and kidney cancers, focusing on different uEV isolation methods, and its implications for biomarker studies.

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Section: Prostate Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Urinary Extracellular Vesicles as Potential Biomarkers for Urologic Cancers: An Overview of Current Methods and Advances

Lourenço

Constâncio

Henrique

et al. 2021

Cancers

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 Over the past decades, a steady increasement of PCa incidences and mortality in Asian countries was observed, due to the changes in risk factor exposure, westernized lifestyle tendency and insufficient cancer screenings. 2 Especially in China, the diagnosis of PCa was evermore at later stage than western countries, with the mortality rate of 42.2per million in 2018. 3 Although tremendous progressions in PCa managements have been achieved during the past decades, due to the highly heterogeneous PCa, the unpredictability of disease evolutions and outcomes is still the major therapeutic challenge.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

βKlotho Inhibits Cell Proliferation by Downregulating ELK4 and Predicts Favorable Prognosis in Prostate Cancer

Mao¹,

Wang²,

Lü³

et al. 2021

CMAR

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Objective Prostate cancer (PCa) ranks as the second common malignancy in males worldwide. Although conspicuous progressions in diagnosis and treatment have been achieved in the past decades, the prognosis expectation of PCa remains unsatisfied yet. To improve the prognosis prediction of PCa, more specific biomarkers are needed. In this retrospective research, we focused on βKlotho and ETS-like transcription factor 4 (ELK4), aiming to identify potential prognostic biomarkers for PCa. Methods Western blotting was used to determine the expression of βKlotho, ELK4, and PARP in C4-2B and PC3 PCa cell lines. CCK-8 assay and colony formation assay were applied to examine the roles of βKlotho and ELK4 in the proliferation of PCa cells. The expression of βKlotho and ELK4 in PCa tissue samples was determined by immunochemistry. Pearson’s χ2 test and Fisher’s exact test were performed to investigate the associations among βKlotho, ELK4 and various clinical factors. Kaplan–Meier curves and Cox regression model were established to reveal the correlation among βKlotho, ELK4 expression and the prognosis of patients. Results βKlotho overexpression down-regulated the ELK4 expression, induced apoptosis and inhibited cell proliferation in both C4-2B and PC3 cells, which were reversed by ELK4 overexpression. βKlotho expression in PCa tissue samples had negative correlation with the ELK4 expression, and higher βKlotho expression was associated with lower Gleason score, absent distant metastasis and lower prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level. On the contrast, higher ELK4 expression was correlated with distant metastasis and higher PSA level. Moreover, βKlotho and ELK4 were both recognized as independent factors for the prognosis of patients with PCa. Conclusion βKlotho inhibits proliferation of prostate cancer cells by downregulating ELK4. Both βKlotho and ELK4 expressions correlate with the prognosis of PCa, which may serve as potential biomarkers for follow-up surveillance and prognostic assessments.

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“…Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common malignancy of the male reproductive system. Its incidence ranks second only to lung cancer among male malignancies worldwide (1). Although there are some curable therapeutic methods, such as radical prostatectomy (RP), a high recurrence rate still exists due to the biological characteristics of malignant tumors, distant micrometastases, and focal residuals (2).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening to Identify an Immune Landscape-Based Prognostic Predictor and Therapeutic Target for Prostate Cancer

Shen

Long

et al. 2021

Front. Oncol.

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ObjectivesExisting prognostic risk assessment strategies for prostate cancer (PCa) remain unsatisfactory. Similar treatments for patients at the same disease stage can lead to different survival outcomes. Thus, we aimed to explore a novel immune landscape-based prognostic predictor and therapeutic target for PCa patients.MethodsA total of 490 PCa patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas Project (TCGA) cohort were analyzed to obtain immune landscape-based prognostic features. Then, analyses at different levels were performed to explore the relevant survival mechanisms, prognostic predictors, and therapeutic targets. Finally, experimental verification was performed using a tissue microarray (TMA) from 310 PCa patients. Furthermore, a nomogram was constructed to provide a quantitative approach for predicting the prognosis of patients with PCa.ResultsThe immune landscape-based risk score (ILBRS) was obtained. Then, VAV1, which presented a significant positive correlation with Treg infiltration and ILBRS, was screened and identified to be significantly related to the prognosis of PCa. Finally, experimental verification confirmed the prognostic value of VAV1 for PCa prognosis at the protein level.ConclusionsVAV1 has the potential to be developed as an immune landscape-based PCa prognostic predictor and therapeutic target and will help improve prognosis by enabling the selection of individualized, targeted therapy.

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Screening for Prostate Cancer

Cited by 108 publications

References 66 publications

Urinary Extracellular Vesicles as Potential Biomarkers for Urologic Cancers: An Overview of Current Methods and Advances

Urinary Extracellular Vesicles as Potential Biomarkers for Urologic Cancers: An Overview of Current Methods and Advances

βKlotho Inhibits Cell Proliferation by Downregulating ELK4 and Predicts Favorable Prognosis in Prostate Cancer

Screening to Identify an Immune Landscape-Based Prognostic Predictor and Therapeutic Target for Prostate Cancer

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