Screening for prostate cancer

Postma, Renske; Schröder, Fritz H.

doi:10.1016/j.ejca.2004.12.029

Cited by 70 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…1 In contrast to other Asian populations, 2,3 with a detection rate of 3.6-3.8%, the incidence of PCa in Iran is quite high. 4,5 It is well documented that genetic factors may account for as much as 42% of the PCa risk.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glutathione S-transferase gene polymorphisms (GSTM1, GSTT1, GSTP1) and prostate cancer: a case-control study in Tehran, Iran

Safarinejad¹,

Shafiei²,

Safarinejad³

2011

Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis

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We evaluated the relationship between polymorphisms in the glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 genes and prostate cancer (PCa). PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay was used to genotype the GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1 polymorphisms in 168 PCa cases and 336 frequency matched controls. The GSTM1 null, and GSTT1 null genotypes were associated with an increased odds ratio (OR) for PCa (OR ¼ 3.28, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.47-5.64; P ¼ 0.005, and OR ¼ 3.21, 95% CI: 2.52-5.64; P ¼ 0.005, respectively) (Pcorrected ¼ 0.0062). The frequency of GSTP1 Val/Val genotype was 14.3% in cases compared with 2.4% in controls, this polymorphism thus being associated with a significantly increased risk of PCa (OR ¼ 3.72, 95% CI: 1.67-5.65; P ¼ 0.002). The risk associated with the concurrent absence of both of the genes (OR ¼ 4.8, 95% CI: 2.34-6.78) was greater than the product of risk in men with either null (OR ¼ 1.52, 95% CI: 0.82-2.31) genotype combinations (P ¼ 0.001, Pcorrected ¼ 0.0045). The combination of GSTP1 Ile/Val or Val/Val polymorphism with the GSTT1 null and GSTM1 null type resulted in an OR of 6.21 (95% CI: 4.83-16.87) (P ¼ 0.0001, Pcorrected ¼ 0.0062). A higher frequency of the GSTM1 null genotype and GSTT1 null genotype was observed in patients with Gleason score 47, with an OR for GSTM1 null 4.67 (95% CI: 3.64-7.62; P ¼ 0.001) and with an OR for GSTT1 null 3.62 (95% CI: 2.31-5.74; P ¼ 0.004). The results obtained demonstrated that simultaneous presence of three potentially risk alleles (GSTM1 null, GSTT1 null and GSTP1 Val) lead to a significant OR increase for PCa.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glutathione S-transferase gene polymorphisms (GSTM1, GSTT1, GSTP1) and prostate cancer: a case-control study in Tehran, Iran

Safarinejad¹,

Shafiei²,

Safarinejad³

2011

Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis

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“…However, PSA has severe limitations as a screening test. First, PSA has a low specificity, and its positive predictive value is only approximately 25% in a pooled metaanalysis (3 ), leading to a large number of false-positive results and up to 75% of unnecessary prostate biopsies (4 ). Second, PSA lacks sensitivity, because up to 30% of PCa cases and among these 10% of aggressive PCa cases can be identified in patients with a PSA below 4 g/L (5 ).…”

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confidence: 99%

Multicenter Evaluation of [−2]Proprostate-Specific Antigen and the Prostate Health Index for Detecting Prostate Cancer

et al. 2013

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BACKGROUND Total prostate-specific antigen (tPSA) is flawed for prostate cancer (PCa) detection. [−2]proprostate-specific antigen (p2PSA), a molecular isoform of free PSA (fPSA), shows higher specificity compared with tPSA or percentage of free PSA (%fPSA). The prostate health index (Phi), a measure based on p2PSA and calculated as p2PSA/fPSA × √tPSA, was evaluated in a multicenter study for detecting PCa. METHODS A total of 1362 patients from 4 different study sites who had tPSA values of 1.6–8.0 μg/L (668 patients with PCa, 694 without PCa) underwent ≥10 core biopsies. Serum concentrations of tPSA, fPSA (both calibrated against a WHO reference material), and p2PSA were measured on Access2 or DxI800 analyzers (Beckman Coulter). RESULTS The percentage ratio of p2PSA to fPSA (%p2PSA) and Phi were significantly higher in all PCa subcohorts (positive initial or repeat biopsy result or negative digital rectal examination) (P < 0.0001) compared with patients without PCa. Phi had the largest area under the ROC curve (AUC) (AUC = 0.74) and provided significantly better clinical performance for predicting PCa compared with %p2PSA (AUC = 0.72, P = 0.018), p2PSA (AUC = 0.63, P < 0.0001), %fPSA (AUC = 0.61) or tPSA (AUC = 0.56). Significantly higher median values of Phi were observed for patients with a Gleason score ≥7 (Phi = 60) compared with a Gleason score <7 (Phi = 53; P = 0.0018). The proportion of aggressive PCa (Gleason score ≥7) increased with the Phi score. CONCLUSIONS The results of this multicenter study show that Phi, compared with tPSA or %fPSA, demonstrated superior clinical performance in detecting PCa at tPSA 1.6–8.0 μg/L (i.e., approximately 2–10 μg/L in traditional calibration) and is better able to detect aggressive PCa.

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“…Currently, early detection of PCa relies primarily on an abnormal digital rectal examination (DRE) and an elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level leading to a prostate biopsy. However, because of the low specificity of PSA, up to 75% of men with PSA levels of 2-10 ng/ml and/or a suspicious DRE have a negative first biopsy 11 . In order to reduce the number of unnecessary biopsies, many probability-based algorithms have been developed, based on additional relevant prebiopsy information like the use of different molecular forms of PSA such as free and total PSA (fPSA ,t PSA) and other PSA derivatives 12,13 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum Sarcosine and PSA Levels in Patients With Prostate Cancer in Sokoto, Nigeria.

Nnamah¹,

Anaja²,

Mungadi³

et al. 2016

IOSR

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Screening for prostate cancer

Cited by 70 publications

References 62 publications

Glutathione S-transferase gene polymorphisms (GSTM1, GSTT1, GSTP1) and prostate cancer: a case-control study in Tehran, Iran

Glutathione S-transferase gene polymorphisms (GSTM1, GSTT1, GSTP1) and prostate cancer: a case-control study in Tehran, Iran

Multicenter Evaluation of [−2]Proprostate-Specific Antigen and the Prostate Health Index for Detecting Prostate Cancer

Serum Sarcosine and PSA Levels in Patients With Prostate Cancer in Sokoto, Nigeria.

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