Screening for prevention of sudden death in the young

Webster, Gregory; Carberry, Thomas; Berger, Stuart

doi:10.1097/hco.0000000000000689

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…ECG has been used concurrently with focused H&P as a screening tool, although it has not been recommended explicitly by American organizations as it has been suggested to be ineffective with low incidence rates and a higher false positive rate [ 52 ]. However, the European Society of Cardiology has implemented ECG screening as a basic guideline [ 53 ]. Recent literature published in Italy in 2022 suggests the use of ECG to screen for disease and risk of SCD that may have been missed by H&P. A total of 11,949 Italian students between the ages of 13 and 19 years were enrolled over the period of 4 years in a study to determine the prevalence of ECG abnormalities among a teenage age according to their athletic nature.…”

Section: Screening For Scdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sudden Cardiac Death in Young Individuals: A Current Review of Evaluation, Screening and Prevention

Abbas¹,

Abbas²,

Khan³

et al. 2023

J Clin Med Res

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Sudden cardiac death (SCD) can affect all age groups, including young persons. While less common in the age < 35 population, the occurrence of SCD in the young raises concern, with multiple possible etiologies and often unanswered questions. While coronary artery disease is the leading cause in those > 35 years of age, the younger population faces a different subset of pathologies associated with SCD, including arrhythmias and cardiomyopathies. The tragic nature of SCD in the young entails that we explore and implement available screening methods for this population, and perform the necessary investigations such as electrocardiography (ECG) and echocardiography. In this review, we not only explore the vast etiology associated with SCD in those age < 35, but emphasize evaluation methods, who is at risk, and delve into screening of SCD in potential victims and their family members, in an attempt to prevent this traumatic event. Future research must work towards establishing preventative measures in order to reduce SCD, particularly unexplained SCD in the young.

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Section: Screening For Scdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sudden Cardiac Death in Young Individuals: A Current Review of Evaluation, Screening and Prevention

Abbas¹,

Abbas²,

Khan³

et al. 2023

J Clin Med Res

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“…Exercise is known to trigger SCD in younger and male populations, but the majority of SCD occurs at rest or during sleep (Jayaraman et al, 2018;Wisten et al, 2017). Feasibility and reliability of preparticipation screening tests for competitive sports have been debated for a number of years (Corrado et al, 2006), but their universal value has been argued by multiple investigators (Corrado et al, 2011;Malhotra et al, 2018;Maron, 2003;Patel and Lantos, 2011;Webster et al, 2020). In a prospective study of a comprehensive cardiac screening program in 11,168 elite athletes in England over 20 years, SCD occurred in 8 individuals, 75% of whom had normal cardiac screening results including normal ECG and echocardiogram results (Malhotra et al, 2018).…”

Section: Sudden Cardiac Death Without Identifiable Structural Heart Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sudden cardiac death in children and young adults without structural heart disease: a comprehensive review

Tsuda

Fitzgerald

Temple

2020

Reviews in Cardiovascular Medicine

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Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is a rare clinical encounter in pediatrics, but its social impact is immense because of its unpredicted and catastrophic nature in previously healthy individuals. Unlike in adults where the primary cause of SCD is related to ischemic heart disease, the etiology is diverse in young SCD victims. Although certain structural heart diseases may be identified during autopsy in some SCD victims, autopsy-negative SCD is more common in pediatrics, which warrants the diagnosis of sudden arrhythmic death syndrome (SADS) based upon the assumption that the usual heart rhythm is abruptly replaced by lethal ventricular arrhythmia. Despite current advances in molecular genetics, the causes of more than half of SADS cases remain unanswered even after postmortem genetic testing. Moreover, the majority of these deaths occur at rest or during sleep even in the young. Recently, sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) has emerged as another etiology of SCD in children and adults, suggesting critical involvement of the central nervous system (CNS) in SCD. Primary cardiac disorders may not be solely responsible for SCD; abnormal CNS function may also contribute to the unexpected lethal event. In this review article, we provide an overview of the complex pathogenesis of SADS and its diverse clinical presentation in the young and postulate that SADS is, in part, induced by unfortunate miscommunication between the heart and CNS via the autonomic nervous system.

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Deaths Among U.S. Air Force Basic Military Trainees, 2008-2020

Butler¹,

Kasper²,

Huggins

et al. 2022

Military Medicine

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Introduction The U.S. Air Force (USAF) Basic Military Training (BMT), a rigorous training program for all enlisted members of the USAF, trains roughly 36,000 recruits annually. Transforming civilians into ready warrior airmen has inherent risks to trainee health, which has infrequently included death. While the average death rate at USAF BMT has decreased between 1956 and 2007 due to process improvement and preventive medicine efforts, further review is warranted to examine the deaths that have occurred since the last published period (1997-2007) and to determine the impact policy changes and updates have had on death rates since that time. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to identify death rates and types from 2008 to 2020, explore policy implementation, and identify areas needing further improvement or modifications to the overall safety, fitness, and health of USAF BMT trainees. Materials and Methods All deaths were examined and reviewed from 2008 through 2020 for trainees attending the USAF BMT using medical records and autopsy reports. Death rates were calculated using the total population of trainees in a given year as well as over the entire 13-year study period. Results From 2008 to 2020, five deaths occurred among USAF BMT trainees (one cardiac, two exertional sickling due to sickle cell trait, one infection, and one suicide). This resulted in an overall average death rate of 1.08 per 100,000 trainees, as compared to 1.46 per 100,000 from 1997 to 2007. The last death in the study period occurred in 2016. Conclusion A modest downward trend of average death rate has continued since 2007, and no deaths from 2016 through 2020 represents the longest time frame without any deaths at USAF BMT over all times reported (dating back to 1956) which suggest that emergency best practice policies are/have improved. However, cardiac death rate and suicide rate have not changed since the last report. Policies and practices should be continuously reviewed and refined to reduce the risk of death at USAF BMT.

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Screening for prevention of sudden death in the young

Cited by 4 publications

References 44 publications

Sudden Cardiac Death in Young Individuals: A Current Review of Evaluation, Screening and Prevention

Sudden Cardiac Death in Young Individuals: A Current Review of Evaluation, Screening and Prevention

Sudden cardiac death in children and young adults without structural heart disease: a comprehensive review

Deaths Among U.S. Air Force Basic Military Trainees, 2008-2020

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